Child care policy: A need for greater advocacy

Palley, Elizabeth; Shdaimah, Corey S.

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.02.008

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the US context, for example, policies relating to family leave are a patchwork depending upon the state one lives in, and -importantly -one's employer (Berger, et al, 2005). The US Family and Medical Leave Act allows for time away from employment, but does not guarantee or mandate that such leave be paid (Palley and Shdaimah, 2011). In Norway, family leave policies are universal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some preschool services are publicly subsidized for very low-income families, the large majority of US parents privately purchase day care services for children under the age of 5 years (Capizzano and Main, 2005;Child Care and Development Fund, 2011). Federal law allows for parental leave, but paid parental leave is not required of employers; employers are not required to offer paid leave for children who may be ill; and financial benefits to single parents were severely curtailed under the federal welfare reform overhaul of 1996 (Berger, et al, 2005;Palley and Shdaimah, 2011).…”

Section: Provisions For Families In the Us And Norwegian Welfare Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fostering in the welfare states of the US and Norway

Berrick

Skivenes

2013

Journal of European Social Policy

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This paper aims to explore the differences between Norwegian and US welfare state ideologies, and if or how they are reflected in the respective foster care systems and in the daily practices of foster parents. Our analysis combines a review of policy documents and legal regulations, with interviews in a sample of 141 exemplary foster parents (87 from the US and 54 from Norway). The paper identifies clear differences in how these two states take responsibility and provide services for families in general and foster parents in particular, examining distinct differences in the conditions foster parents have for exercising their parenting tasks. The findings from the interviews show how the conditions play out in real life for foster parents and foster children in relation to recruitment of caregivers, time and resources available to children, and how caregivers negotiate and advocate for children’s needs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Provisions For Families In the Us And Norwegian Welfare Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fostering in the welfare states of the US and Norway

Berrick

Skivenes

2013

Journal of European Social Policy

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“…In the American setting the 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) guarantees a woman up to 12 weeks’ unpaid leave without loss of employment, seniority, or reductions in hourly wage, in order to facilitate care of a newborn child or an ill family member (Ruhm 1997). Consequently, the unfunded nature of such leave policies requires mothers to not only have alternative income or savings available (economic capital), but also to have a certain level of attachment and leverage in their workplace (human capital) in order to invoke their right to this type of unpaid leave (Palley and Shdaimah 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does care matter? Care capital and mothers’ time to paid employment

Loft

Hogan

2014

J Pop Research

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The aim of this study is to introduce the concept of care capital and provide an example of its application in the context of childcare and maternal employment using the currently most suitable American data. We define care capital as the nexus of available, accessible, and experienced resources for care. The American setting is an ideal context to investigate the linkages between child care capital and maternal employment as the patterns of child care use tend to be more diverse compared to other national contexts. In the presented application of care capital, we examine mothers’ entry to paid employment during the first 36 weeks following a birth, and its association with the experience of non-parental child care use before labour force entry. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey—Birth Cohort (N = 10,400 mothers), results from discrete-time hazard models show that use of non-parental child care prior to employment is independently and positively associated with entry into maternal employment. This finding applies both to first-time mothers (n = 3,800) and to mothers of multiple children (n = 6,600). Although data currently available for investigating child care capital are limited with regard to care availability and access, our results suggests that childcare availability, access, and use, understood as a form of capital alongside economic and human capital, should be considered in future studies of maternal employment.

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“…Paid maternal and paternal leave grant mothers and fathers time with their newborn or newly adopted children 1,3 . Childcare policies, particularly subsidized childcare, allow parents to have professionals care for and educate their children during business hours 16,26 . As comparative researchers have noted, however, the family friendly policy environment in the United States is very different than the family friendly policy environment in Europe and many other parts of the world 1,2,4 .…”

Section: Literature Review Challenges In Work-life Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the United States has no national policy for paid paternal or maternal leave 1,2 and its childcare policies primarily comprise providing childcare to families with lower incomes (e.g. Headstart) or providing tax breaks for commercial childcare 26 . The one national family friendly policy it does have is FMLA.…”

Section: Us Family-related Policies In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution of Family-Friendly Benefits Policies across Higher Education Institutions: A Cluster Analysis

Schimpf¹,

Main²

2014 ASEE Annual Conference &Amp; Exposition Proceedings

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Although the underrepresentation of women in science and engineering tenure-track faculty positions is often linked to the conflict between childcare responsibilities and the normative academic tenure-track pathway, previous studies have tended to focus on individual life choices, rather than the effects of institutional-level policies and structure. More recent research on work/life policies in higher education have pushed our understanding of how organizational structure and political climates at the department and institution levels influence the ability of faculty members to integrate career and life responsibilities. Many postsecondary institutions offer more generous work/life benefits than required by the 1993 Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA), which provides employees with 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave for family and medical reasons per year if the employee has worked for the employer at least 12 months. The types of family-related benefits offered, however, vary greatly across postsecondary institutions in the United States. Taking a systems view of higher education institutions, this study uses kmeans cluster analysis to identify how institutions cluster and the availability of parental leave and childcare benefits at clusters of similar institutions. By so doing, the paper highlights the rates at which different types of institutions adopted family-friendly policies since the FMLA. Results indicate that the adoption of family-related benefits (paid maternity leave, paid paternity leave, and subsidized childcare) increased during the time period following the enactment of FMLA, suggesting FMLA had some impact on the system. The increase in family-related benefits is associated with an academic institution's expenditures. Research institutions are more likely than master's, bachelors and associates institutions to offer a greater number of benefits. This study provides a historical national perspective of academic institutions' efforts to facilitate work-life integration among faculty with implications for helping administrators, policy makers, and other stakeholders shape educational policy.

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Child care policy: A need for greater advocacy

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Fostering in the welfare states of the US and Norway

Fostering in the welfare states of the US and Norway

Does care matter? Care capital and mothers’ time to paid employment

The Distribution of Family-Friendly Benefits Policies across Higher Education Institutions: A Cluster Analysis

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