Child and adolescent (early onset) schizophrenia: A review in light of DSM-III-R

Werry, John S.

doi:10.1007/bf01046330

Cited by 160 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…38 Although very-early onset schizophrenia is rare, Green et al . examined 38 children with schizophrenic disorder who were younger than 12 years of age, and indicated that catatonia or other grossly disorganized behavior was present in 12 (31.6%) of the 38 cases.…”

Section: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catatonia in childhood and adolescence

Takaoka

Takata

2003

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Child and adolescent catatonia has been poorly investigated. A literature review was undertaken to clarify phenomenology, diagnosis, etiology, and treatment as well as ethical problems of catatonia in childhood and adolescence. Although there are no accepted standardized criteria for catatonia in childhood and adolescence, catatonic features described by child psychiatrists are similar to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn; DSM-IV) criteria for catatonia. With respect to etiology, the motor and behavioral symptoms that are part of catatonia bear some similarities with those seen in autism. Several case reports suggest an association between catatonia and general medical conditions. Certain drugs abused by youngsters as well as prescribed medicine can induce catatonia. Regarding catatonic cases originally diagnosed as schizophrenia, it is unclear whether all of these cases should be identified as schizophrenia or whether some of them are pervasive developmental disorders that develop psychic features in adolescence. Environmental changes preceding the onset of catatonia in patients with mood disorder play a possibly important role. Examples that suggest stress-induced catatonia, although rare, also exist. A few patients exhibit features of malignant catatonia, some without taking neuroleptics and others having taken them. Benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy are considered to be effective treatments for catatonic youngsters.

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Section: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catatonia in childhood and adolescence

Takaoka

Takata

2003

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…It has been estimated that approximately 4 % of all schizophrenia patients have their illness onset before 18 years of age [14], which is termed early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) [84]. Childhood-onset of schizophrenia (COS, onset by age 12) [39] is extremely rare [12;80], whereas the incidence increases between the ages 13 to 17 years [70 ;80].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficient maturation of aspects of attention and executive functions in early onset schizophrenia

Jepsen

Fagerlund

Pagsberg

et al. 2010

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Word count of the Abstract: 220Word count of the text body: 5819 including the revised Appendix A 3 AbstractThe few existing long-term, neuropsychological follow-up studies of early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) patients have reported relative stability in some cognitive functions but abnormal developmental trajectories in verbal memory, set shifting, aspects of attention, and speed of information processing throughout late adolescence into early adulthood. The current 5-year followup study compared the development of specific cognitive functions in EOS patients (N=17) from the time of first-episode to chronic phase with that of healthy controls (N=38) and secondarily to patients with other early-onset, non-organic, non-affective psychoses (EOP) (N=11). Speed of processing of executive functions, set shifting, and attention improved significantly in the healthy controls and reflected continuous functional maturation during late adolescence and early adulthood. The developmental progression of attention and set shifting but not speed of processing of executive functions was significantly subnormal in EOS patients. Other specific cognitive functions that had attained functional maturity in the healthy controls around the time of the baseline assessment showed normal development in EOS patients during the follow-up period, indicating stable cognitive deficits. These results suggest post-onset developmental deficits in two out of the three aspects of attention and executive functions that have protracted maturational trajectories and that overlap the age of onset of EOS. No significant difference in the development of any specific cognitive function was found between the EOS and EOP group.

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“…The distinction between autism and schizophrenia becomes particularly unclear when little or no positive symptoms are present (Werry, 1992). Several studies reported overlap in negative symptoms between the two disorders (Dykens, Volkmar, & Glick, 1991;Konstantareas & Hewitt, 2001;Petty, Ornitz, Michelman, & Zimmerman, 1984;Sheitman, Bodfish, & Carmel, 2004;Spek & Wouters, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%