Objective: This study aimed to propose clusters of the association between childhood trauma and resilience in nursing students and to examine their mental health according to these clusters. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out between September 2018 and May 2019. A total of 1,245 undergraduate nursing students (104 male, 1,141 female) were enrolled in a medical university in East China to complete the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and Self-Rating Depression Scale. Results: The cluster analysis identified three clusters as follows: the selfhealing group (40.7%), the mildly traumatized with low resiliency group (22.2%), and the healthy group (37.1%). The logistic regression analysis revealed that the levels of anxiety and depression significantly differed between the three clusters, with the mildly traumatized with low resiliency group having the highest odds to have anxiety and depression. Conclusion: This study identified three clusters of the association between childhood trauma and resilience in undergraduate nursing students and indicated that each cluster was associated with a different level of anxiety and depression. The unique characteristics of the three clusters may help identify and develop appropriate interventions to promote the mental health of undergraduate nursing students.
Clinical Impact StatementThis study illustrates the different coexisting patterns of childhood trauma and resilience and their impact on mental health using a person-centered method. The findings indicate nursing students experiencing childhood trauma but with a low level of resilience had higher odds to have anxiety. The results highlight the importance to design targeted interventions and curricula for nursing students with different patterns of childhood trauma and resilience so as to improve their mental well-being during academic study and clinical practice. Particularly, proactive interventions should target nursing students with mild childhood trauma but low resilience to achieve optimal cost-effectiveness.