Child Adjustment in Broken and in Unhappy Unbroken Homes

Nye, F. Ivan

doi:10.2307/347803

Cited by 158 publications

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“…In comparison with control boys reared with fathers present during early childhood, father-absent adolescents are more likely t o show many but not necessarily all of the following characteristics in a variety of societies: rejection of authority, particularly when it is imposed by adult females; exaggerated masculinity (often regarded by psychologists as "overcompensation" for insecure masculine sex-role identification); rqjection and denigration of feminity; greater interpersonal aggressiveness; increased risk of arrest and incarceration; and a relatively exploitative attitude toward females, with sexual contact appearing important as conquest and as a means of validating masculinity (Rohrer and Edmonson 1960;Miller 1958;LeVine and LeVine 1966;Anderson 1968;Cohen 1955;Glaser 1965;Wylie and Delgado 1959;Nye 1957;Lynn and Sawrey 1959;Kelly and Baer 1969;Biller 1970Biller and Bahm 1971). A further consistent finding is that father-absent boys show increased verbal ability and reduced spatial or quantitative ability on standardized tests of cognitive performance. Studies of cognitive abilities in males form the great bulk of the father-absence literature, since the phenomenon has important consequences for educational inequality among American social classes and ethinic groups (Moynihan 1965;Pettigrew 1964).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Father-absent Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Father Absence and Reproductive Strategy: An Evolutionary Perspective

Draper¹,

Harpending²

1982

Journal of Anthropological Research

714

496

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Section: Characteristics Of Father-absent Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Father Absence and Reproductive Strategy: An Evolutionary Perspective

Draper¹,

Harpending²

1982

Journal of Anthropological Research

714

496

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“…Much of the research on the effects of the marital relationship on child functioning focuses on the development of aggressive or antisocial behavior (e.g., Gibson, 1969;Johnson & Lobitz, 1974;Kimmel & Van der Veen, 1974;Nye, 1957). Rutter (1971) for example, reporting data from the extensive study of families living on the Isle of Wight, discovered that the association between parent-child separation and delinquency was mediated by the quality of the marital relationsnip.…”

Section: Infant Development/marital Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early human experience: A family perspective.

Belsky¹

1981

Developmental Psychology

484

251

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Recent research on the father-infant relationship is briefly reviewed. Those studies documenting changes that take place in parent and infant behavior when the mother-infant dyad is transformed into the mother-father-infant triad are judged especially important to advancing the study of early human experience, since they highlight the influence of the marital relationship on the parent-infant relationship. In so doing, these investigations of "second-order effects" in parent-infant interaction document the fact that inclusion of the father in the study of infancy creates a family system comprised of marital and parent-child relations. Serious consideration of this contribution underscores the need for "wedding" the disciplines of family sociology and developmental psychology in their respective concerns for marital and parent-infant relationships. A transactional framework for examining early experience in the family system is proposed to meet this need. It draws specific attention to the fact that parenting affects and is affected by the infant, who both influences and is influenced by the marital relationship, which in turn both affects and is affected by parenting. Evidence from the disciplines of family sociology and developmental psychology is reviewed in terms of this framework to illuminate direct and indirect pathways of influence within the family system during infancy and to stimulate interdisciplinary investigation.Students of early experience have long recognized the significance of the mother-infant relationship, but only recently have they come to study the father-infant relationship. This delay in attention stems in large measure from the psychoanalytic ancestry of developmental psychology, theories of infant-mother attachment derivative of this heritage, and cultural traditions that minimized the significance of the infant's relations with its "second parent."It is significant to note that when students of infancy first began to study father, they traversed the same ground covered years earlier by investigators of mothering: Father This manuscript has benefited greatly from thoughtful reviews provided by Michael Lamb, Alison ClarkeStewart, and Michael Lewis and several anonymous reviewers. I am most indebted, however, to Frank Pedersen. He not only stimulated this work through his own empirical and scholarly efforts, but he has provided generously of his time and energy in helping me to clarify my own thinking.Requests for reprints should be sent to

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“…Schaefer (1974) has likewise emphasized the importance of considering the ef fects of the m other-father relationship on child development. He cited the work of Rutter (1971) and Nye (1957) to buttress his argument that the effects are significant. However, these studies, like those of Elmer (1967), Giovannoni and Billingsley (1970), Glass et al, (1971), and Gordon and Gordon (1959) focused on pathological m other-father relationships.…”

Section: The Effect O F the Father On Mother-child Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fathers: Forgotten Contributors to Child Development

Lamb¹

1975

Human Development

274

115

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Theoretical and research literature on the role of fathers in child development is reviewed. The first section points out that there is little known about father-infant interaction, and the impact of the father on infant social development, though diverse theoretical perspectives all assume that the father’s role is minimal, and, at best, indirect. It is suggested that this assumption is unsubstantiated. Fathers are believed to play an influential role in later child development, though the theoretical assumptions, again, are inadequately validated by research. A new hypothesis is proposed whereby fathers are seen as playing a vitally important role in socialization, yet one which is qualitatively different from that played by mothers. Various research designs are suggested whereby this hypothesis can be subject to empirical validation.

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Child Adjustment in Broken and in Unhappy Unbroken Homes

Cited by 158 publications

References 0 publications

Father Absence and Reproductive Strategy: An Evolutionary Perspective

Father Absence and Reproductive Strategy: An Evolutionary Perspective

Early human experience: A family perspective.

Fathers: Forgotten Contributors to Child Development

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