Child Access Prevention Firearm Laws and Firearm Fatalities Among Children Aged 0 to 14 Years, 1991-2016

Azad, Hooman; Monuteaux, Michael C.; Rees, Chris A.; Siegel, Michael; Mannix, Rebekah; Lee, Lois K.; Sheehan, Karen; Fleegler, Eric W.

doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.6227

Cited by 93 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Studies of right-to-carry (RTC) laws have also shown divergent results, with some studies concluding that these laws reduce violent crime (14) and others concluding that they increase it (15). Similarly, some studies have claimed that CAP laws decrease suicides among children (16), while others claim that those effects are spurious (17,18). These conflicting conclusions occur even though many of the studies are based on similar or even identical datasets.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in firearm mortality following the implementation of state laws regulating firearm access and use

Schell

Cefalu

Griffin

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Although 39,000 individuals die annually from gunshots in the US, research examining the effects of laws designed to reduce these deaths has sometimes produced inconclusive or contradictory findings. We evaluated the effects on total firearm-related deaths of three classes of gun laws: child access prevention (CAP), right-to-carry (RTC), and stand your ground (SYG) laws. The analyses exploit changes in these state-level policies from 1970 to 2016, using Bayesian methods and a modeling approach that addresses several methodological limitations of prior gun policy evaluations. CAP laws showed the strongest evidence of an association with firearm-related death rate, with a probability of 0.97 that the death rate declined at 6 y after implementation. In contrast, the probability of being associated with an increase in firearm-related deaths was 0.87 for RTC laws and 0.77 for SYG laws. The joint effects of these laws indicate that the restrictive gun policy regime (having a CAP law without an RTC or SYG law) has a 0.98 probability of being associated with a reduction in firearm-related deaths relative to the permissive policy regime. This estimated effect corresponds to an 11% reduction in firearm-related deaths relative to the permissive legal regime. Our findings suggest that a small but meaningful decrease in firearm-related deaths may be associated with the implementation of more restrictive gun policies.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in firearm mortality following the implementation of state laws regulating firearm access and use

Schell

Cefalu

Griffin

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…A recent study revealed that the most stringent negligence laws, laws holding the owner liable for unsafe storage of firearms, were associated with a 59% reduction in unintentional firearm deaths in children aged 0 to 14 years. 27 More detailed descriptions of incidents (type of firearm, storage and/or safety devices use, etc) by region could help to guide tailored community education and legislative prevention.…”

Section: Unintentional Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic Factors and Outcomes by Intent of Firearm Injury

et al. 2021

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Firearm injuries are a leading and preventable cause of morbidity and mortality among youth. We sought to explore differences in sociodemographic factors and youth firearm injury outcomes by injury intent (unintentional, assault, and self-harm). METHODS:We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis of emergency department (ED) visits among youth aged 21 and younger presenting to an ED with a firearm injury between 2009 and 2016 using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. We performed multivariable logistic regression to measure the strength of association between (1) patientlevel factors, (2) visit-level characteristics, and (3) clinical outcomes and intent of firearm injury. RESULTS:We identified 178 299 weighted visits for firearm injuries. The mean age was 17.9 (95% confidence interval 17.8-18.0) years; 89.0% of patients were male, 43.0% were publicly insured, 28.8% were admitted, and 6.0% died. Approximately one-third of the injuries were categorized as unintentional (39.4%), another third as assault (37.7%), and a small proportion as self-harm (1.7%). Unintentional firearm injuries were associated with younger age, rural hospital location, Southern region, ED discharge, and extremity injury. Self-harm firearm injuries were associated with older age, higher socioeconomic status, rural hospital location, transfer or death, and brain, back, or spinal cord injury. Firearm injuries by assault were associated with lower socioeconomic status, urban hospital location, and requiring admission. CONCLUSIONS:We identified distinct risk profiles for youth with unintentional, self-harm-, and assault-related firearm injuries. Sociodemographic factors related to intent may be useful in guiding policy and informing tailored interventions for the prevention of firearm injuries in atrisk youth.

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“…The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has highlighted the importance of ensuring the safe storage of rearms in homes [6]. A key component in achieving this and protecting children equally across states would be the passage and enforcement of universal CAP laws [57,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]. Surveys of members of the National Association of Social Workers and the AAP Council on Child Abuse and Neglect showed strong support for CAP law passage [67,68].…”

Section: Attitudes Toward Rearm Safety Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural youth’s exposure to firearm violence and their attitudes regarding firearm safety measures

Jennissen

King

Wetjen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background In the wake of an epidemic in firearm-related deaths and injuries, youth have become leading voices of concern. This study’s objective was to investigate rural youth’s personal experiences with firearm-related violence, and their attitudes towards firearms and gun violence prevention strategies. Methods Attendees of the 2019 Iowa FFA Leadership Conference were surveyed about personal experiences with firearm-associated deaths and injuries, and their attitudes regarding firearm-related issues. Descriptive (frequencies), bivariate (chi square, Fisher’s exact test) and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed utilizing Stata 15.1 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas). Results Responses from 1,382 FFA members 13–18 years of age were analyzed. About 5% had personally seen someone threatened with a firearm. Over one-third (36%) stated they knew someone who had been killed or injured by gunfire. Of these, over two-thirds knew of someone who had died or was injured unintentionally and 30% knew of someone killed or injured intentionally (e.g. suicide). Nearly all agreed or strongly agreed that the right to use firearms for hunting and shooting sports should be legal (94%), that a firearm safety course should be required to get a hunting license (89%), and that there should be a required background check before purchasing a firearm (89%). Over three-fifths (61%) agreed or strongly agreed that there should be laws requiring safe storage of firearms in homes. Although still high, lesser support for firearm safety policies was seen among males, older youth, participants living on farms or in the country, and youth who hunted, had firearms in their homes, and/or were in homes with unsafe firearm storage. Conclusions The majority of youth in this study supported firearm safety measures including required training, background checks, and safe firearm storage in homes. These findings are consistent with the national youth-led call for firearm safety. Additionally, over one-third of respondents personally knew someone who was killed or injured by a firearm and 5% had seen someone or been personally threatened with firearm violence. Our study did not investigate the effects of firearm violence on participants’ mental health and wellbeing, but future studies addressing this question seem highly justified.

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Child Access Prevention Firearm Laws and Firearm Fatalities Among Children Aged 0 to 14 Years, 1991-2016

Cited by 93 publications

References 31 publications

Changes in firearm mortality following the implementation of state laws regulating firearm access and use

Changes in firearm mortality following the implementation of state laws regulating firearm access and use

Sociodemographic Factors and Outcomes by Intent of Firearm Injury

Rural youth’s exposure to firearm violence and their attitudes regarding firearm safety measures

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