Child abuse and negative explicit and automatic self-associations: The cognitive scars of emotional maltreatment

Harmelen, Anne‐Laura van; Jong, Peter J. de; Glashouwer, Klaske A.; Spinhoven, Philip; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.; Elzinga, Bernet M.

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.02.003

Cited by 150 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…We found that childhood family experiences have a significant association with PSF in our community sample of healthy adolescents (N = 1890). Specifically, recalling more negative family experiences was associated with worsening current PSF, supporting previous studies (Gilbert et al 2009;van Harmelen et al 2010). We then related adolescent friendship and family support with continuous risk to resilient PSF measure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Negative self-cognitions colour individuals' appraisal and behaviour in interpersonal situations and negatively influence individuals' memories of these situations (Beck, 2008). Negative self-cognitions mediate the link between very negative family environments and poor mental health (van Harmelen et al 2010). Adolescent friendship support may offer a unique opportunity to learn from positive peer experiences, which perhaps results in a more positive update of self-cognitions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Negative family environments in early life form a risk factor for maladaptive-psychiatric symptomatology (van Harmelen et al 2010), -personality traits (Hart et al 1997;Rogosch & Cicchetti, 2004) and reduced overall mental wellbeing (Hart et al 1997). Therefore, we focussed our measure of resilient functioning relative to these psychosocial domains to assess overall 'PSF' † 1 .…”

Section: Psychosocial Functioning (Psf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adolescent friendships predict later resilient functioning across psychosocial domains in a healthy community cohort

Harmelen¹

2016

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Background: Adolescence is a key time period for the emergence of psychosocial and mental healthdifficulties. To promote adolescent adaptive (‘resilient’) psychosocial functioning, appropriate conceptualizationand quantification of such functioning and its predictors is a crucial first step. Here,we quantify resilient functioning as the degree to which an individual functions better or worse thanexpected given their self-reported childhood family experiences, and relate this to adolescent familyand friendship support.Method: We used Principal Component and regression analyses to investigate the relationship betweenchildhood family experiences and psychosocial functioning (PSF: psychiatric symptomatology,personality traits and mental wellbeing) in healthy adolescents (the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network;N=2389; ages 14-24). Residuals from the relation between childhood family experiences andPSF reflect resilient functioning; the degree to which an individual is functioning better, or worse,than expected given their childhood family experiences. Next, we relate family and friendship supportwith resilient functioning both cross-sectionally and one year later.Results: Friendship and family support were positive predictors of immediate resilient psychosocialfunctioning, with friendship support being the strongest predictor. However, whereas friendshipsupport was a significant positive predictor of later resilient functioning, family support had a negativerelationship with later resilient psychosocial functioning.Conclusions: We show that friendship support, but not family support, is an important positive predictorof both immediate and later resilient psychosocial functioning in adolescence and early adulthood.Interventions that promote the skills needed to acquire and sustain adolescent friendshipsmay be crucial in increasing adolescent resilient psychosocial functioning.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychosocial Functioning (Psf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adolescent friendships predict later resilient functioning across psychosocial domains in a healthy community cohort

Harmelen¹

2016

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“…In line with the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children [1] definition of emotional abuse that specifies that emotional abuse consists of parental isolating, intimidating, terrorizing, blaming, belittling, degrading, denying emotional responsibility or otherwise behaviour that is insensitive to the child's developmental needs, or can potentially damage the child emotionally, or psychologically and our previous studies on CEM [38,39], CEM was defined as a history of emotional neglect and/or emotional abuse before the age of 16 years. In line with the idea that emotional abuse rarely occurs alone [40], in our sample, there was a significant correlation between emotional abuse and emotional neglect scores (r = .54, p,.001), and only three participants reported emotional abuse in isolation (i.e.…”

Section: Childhood Emotional Maltreatmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In line with the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children [1] and our previous studies on CEM [38,39], emotional maltreatment in childhood was defined as a history of emotional neglect and/or emotional abuse before the age of 16 years. In line with the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children [1] definition of emotional abuse that specifies that emotional abuse consists of parental isolating, intimidating, terrorizing, blaming, belittling, degrading, denying emotional responsibility or otherwise behaviour that is insensitive to the child's developmental needs, or can potentially damage the child emotionally, or psychologically and our previous studies on CEM [38,39], CEM was defined as a history of emotional neglect and/or emotional abuse before the age of 16 years.…”

Section: Childhood Emotional Maltreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Maltreatment and Coping in Bipolar Disorder

2015

Holistic Perspectives on Trauma

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Children who have experienced chronic parental rejection and exclusion during childhood, as is the case in childhood emotional maltreatment, may become especially sensitive to social exclusion. This study investigated the neural and emotional responses to social exclusion (with the Cyberball task) in young adults reporting childhood emotional maltreatment. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated brain responses and self-reported distress to social exclusion in 46 young adult patients and healthy controls (mean age = 19.262.16) reporting low to extreme childhood emotional maltreatment. Consistent with prior studies, social exclusion was associated with activity in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. In addition, severity of childhood emotional maltreatment was positively associated with increased dorsal medial prefrontal cortex responsivity to social exclusion. The dorsal medial prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in self-and other-referential processing, suggesting that the more individuals have been rejected and maltreated in childhood, the more self-and other-processing is elicited by social exclusion in adulthood. Negative self-referential thinking, in itself, enhances cognitive vulnerability for the development of psychiatric disorders. Therefore, our findings may underlie the emotional and behavioural difficulties that have been reported in adults reporting childhood emotional maltreatment.

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Corticostriatal-Limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents With Self-reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment

Edmiston

Wang²,

Mazure³

et al. 2011

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

298

251

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Child abuse and negative explicit and automatic self-associations: The cognitive scars of emotional maltreatment

Cited by 150 publications

References 49 publications

Adolescent friendships predict later resilient functioning across psychosocial domains in a healthy community cohort

Adolescent friendships predict later resilient functioning across psychosocial domains in a healthy community cohort

Childhood Maltreatment and Coping in Bipolar Disorder

Corticostriatal-Limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents With Self-reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment

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