Chilblains and COVID‐19: can recent epidemiological data shed light on the aetiological debate?

Baeck, Marie; Herman, Anne

doi:10.1111/ced.14586

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Nonetheless, only a few authors demonstrated a systemic increase in IFN-I levels, and that was only in a limited number of patients with pandemic chilblains (25,26) . Over time, a growing number of cases of chilblain-resembling lesions were reported in countries with very low SARS-CoV-2 infection rates, which might suggest a likely occurrence of many other factors contributing to such lesions (27) . In Nordic countries, where severe isolation restrictions were initially not introduced, the number of reported chilblain-like lesion cases was small (27) , but it increased during lockdowns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over time, a growing number of cases of chilblain-resembling lesions were reported in countries with very low SARS-CoV-2 infection rates, which might suggest a likely occurrence of many other factors contributing to such lesions (27) . In Nordic countries, where severe isolation restrictions were initially not introduced, the number of reported chilblain-like lesion cases was small (27) , but it increased during lockdowns. Moreover, paediatric patients and their carers spent more time together during the pandemic, which contributed to a greater observability of said lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pseudo-chilblain lesions in children during the COVID-19 pandemic

Kowalska,

Muzalewska,

Kobusińska

et al. 2023

Pediatr Med Rodz

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Introduction and objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a range of uncommon cutaneous symptoms were observed, which were linked to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. These dermatological symptoms in the form of reddish or purple-coloured lesions on the fingers and toes, accompanied by blisters and ulcerations, were termed as “COVID fingers/toes” – a pseudo-chilblain cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19. The aetiopathogenesis of pseudo-chilblain lesions has not been conclusively determined. At first, SARS-CoV-2 infection was regarded as an evident cause of chilblains. Various studies conducted over a two-year period have not managed to plausibly confirm its direct implications. Materials and methods: The study was of a retrospective nature. The analysis involved clinical symptoms, results of selected laboratory tests, as well as capillaroscopy of the microcirculation in 15 children diagnosed with skin lesions of chilblain-like morphology. Results: All patients from the study population presented with lesions in distal body parts which were of erythematous or oedematous morphology, and resembled chilblains. None of the hospitalised patients suffered from fever or presented with other systemic symptoms. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 was negative in all the patients. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were found in 5 out of 9 patients tested for their presence. Microcirculation abnormalities were diagnosed in 80% of the patients. In none of the children did capillaroscopy image correspond with microangiopathy characteristic of inflammatory connective tissue diseases. Frequent abnormalities found in more than two fingers/toes were: pericapillary oedema (57%), dilated capillaries (42.8%), venous stasis (35.7%), presence of branched and tortuous capillaries (28.5%). Conclusions: Pseudo-chilblain lesions observed during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are probably secondary to multifactorial epiphenomenon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudo-chilblain lesions in children during the COVID-19 pandemic

Kowalska,

Muzalewska,

Kobusińska

et al. 2023

Pediatr Med Rodz

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“…In Nordic countries where strict lockdown measures were not initially imposed, there were few cases of chilblains-like lesions ( 63 ). When the lesions did occur, patients responded well to topical steroid treatments and lifestyle modifications focused on warming the extremities ( 63 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this possibility, the increased reports of chilblains-like lesions in countries with very low SARS-CoV-2 infection rates raise the possibility of another factor, and possibly multiple other factors, giving rise to chilblains-like lesions ( 63 ). In Nordic countries where strict lockdown measures were not initially imposed, there were few cases of chilblains-like lesions ( 63 ). When the lesions did occur, patients responded well to topical steroid treatments and lifestyle modifications focused on warming the extremities ( 63 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chilblains-Like Lesions in Pediatric Patients: A Review of Their Epidemiology, Etiology, Outcomes, and Treatment

Fennell

Onel

2022

Front. Pediatr.

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Vascular pathologies associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are poorly understood. Color and sensory changes to the extremities, often referred to as “COVID toes” or chilblains-like lesions, have been widely reported in children and adolescents since the onset of the pandemic, raising the concern that they could be a vasculitis secondary to the infection. However, it is unclear if the lesions are a result of the infection or an epiphenomenon. Most literature focuses on adults, and while there are reports on children and adolescents, many of them are small. This review will help medical care providers better understand the epidemiology, etiology, outcomes, and potential treatments for chilblains-like lesions seen in children and adolescents during the pandemic.

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“…(GOTTLIEB, 2020). Em relação ao COVID-19, acredita-se que a mudança do estilo de vida durante a pandemia com o lockdown, especialmente em países nórdicos no inverno, tenha sido um fator desencadeador de frieiras e pseudofrieiras (BAECK, 2021).…”

Section: Pseudofrieirasunclassified