Chikungunya in Southeast Asia: understanding the emergence and finding solutions

Pulmanausahakul, Rojjanaporn; Roytrakul, Sittiruk; Auewarakul, Prasert; Smith, Duncan R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2011.06.002

Cited by 87 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Affected locations included Seychelles (≈9,000 cases) ( 11 ), Comoros Islands (including 215,000 cases on Grande Comore) ( 12 ), Madagascar ( 12 ), Reunion Island (266,000 cases and 250 deaths) ( 12 ), Mauritius (≈6,000 cases) ( 11 ), and the Republic of the Maldives ( 13 ). During 2006–2007, outbreaks occurred in South and Southeast Asia ( 14 ). India reported 1.4 million cases ( 15 ), Sri Lanka 37,667 cases ( 15 ), and Malaysia 200 cases ( 15 ).…”

Section: Recent and Current Epidemiology Of Chikungunyamentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparedness for Threat of Chikungunya in the Pacific

Roth¹,

Hoy²,

Horwood³

et al. 2014

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) caused significant outbreaks of illness during 2005–2007 in the Indian Ocean region. Chikungunya outbreaks have also occurred in the Pacific region, including in Papua New Guinea in 2012; New Caledonia in April 2013; and Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia, in August 2013. CHIKV is a threat in the Pacific, and the risk for further spread is high, given several similarities between the Pacific and Indian Ocean chikungunya outbreaks. Island health care systems have difficulties coping with high caseloads, which highlights the need for early multidisciplinary preparedness. The Pacific Public Health Surveillance Network has developed several strategies focusing on surveillance, case management, vector control, laboratory confirmation, and communication. The management of this CHIKV threat will likely have broad implications for global public health.

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Section: Recent and Current Epidemiology Of Chikungunyamentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparedness for Threat of Chikungunya in the Pacific

Roth¹,

Hoy²,

Horwood³

et al. 2014

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Chikungunya outbreaks have been documented in the Philippines [19][20][21][22][23] and in southeast Asia 8,9 since the 1950-1960s. Many of these outbreaks have been described as resembling a wave-like, cyclical pattern 43 characterized by an initial outbreak with high CHIKV transmission followed by a delay in CHIKV resurgence with long dormant periods 44 or absences postulated to last from 3 to 4 years 43 or 20 to 30 years if CHIKV prevalence rates were 60-74% or above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7] In 2005-2006, an explosive and large chikungunya epidemic caused by East/Central/ South African genotype affected several Indian Ocean islands. 8 It was during this unprecedented outbreak that atypical CHIKV presentations and unusual outcomes were seen, 9 severe forms of the disease were recorded, 10 and vertical transmission was documented. 11 More recently, transcontinental movement of Asian genotype CHIKV 12 into the Americas and the Pacific islands occurred on a background of other actively circulating mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue virus (DENV) 13 and Zika virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya Virus Infections Among Patients with Dengue-Like Illness at a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Philippines, 2012–2013

Velasco¹,

Valderama²,

Lopez³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) often co-circulates with dengue virus (DENV). A cross-sectional surveillance study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Manila, Philippines, to describe the prevalence and characteristics of DENV and CHIKV infections among patients seeking care for dengue-like illness. Acute blood samples from patients ≥ 6 months of age clinically diagnosed with dengue from November 2012 to December 2013 underwent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect DENV and CHIKV RNA. A total of 118 patients with clinically diagnosed dengue (age range = 1-89 years, mean = 22 years; male-to-female ratio = 1.51) were tested by DENV RT-PCR; 40 (34%) were DENV PCR-positive (age range = 1-45 years, mean = 17 years). All DENV serotypes were detected: 11 (28%) DENV-1, 6 (15%) DENV-2, 6 (15%) DENV-3, and 17 (42%) DENV-4. Of 112 patients clinically diagnosed with dengue and tested by CHIKV RT-PCR, 11 (10%) were CHIKV PCR-positive (age range = 2-47 years, mean = 20.3 years). No coinfections were detected. Presenting signs/symptoms did not differ between DENV-and CHIKV-positive cases. Sequencing of envelope 1 gene from two CHIKV PCR-positive samples showed Asian genotype. This study highlights the potential for misdiagnosis of medically attended CHIKV infections as DENV infection and the difficulty in clinically differentiating dengue and chikungunya based on presenting signs/symptoms alone. This underscores the necessity for diagnostic laboratory tests to distinguish CHIKV infections in the background of actively co-circulating DENV.

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“…In the local Makonde language, chikungunya means "that which bends up" and refers to the body posture of infected individuals who suffer from virus-induced arthralgia. The other clinical symptoms are similar to those of dengue fever, including fever, nausea, myalgia and rash [2]. Dengue, which is endemic in most tropical and subtropical regions, affects 50-100 million people worldwide every year [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%