Chikungunya encephalitis, a case series from an endemic country

Ortiz-Quezada, Jorge; Rodriguez, Edith; Hesse, Heike; Molina, Lázaro; Duran, Cesar; Lorenzana, Ivette; England, John D.

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.117279

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…CHIV infection is asymptomatic in up to 25% of human infections, with symptomatic cases presenting with fever, headache, myalgia, arthritis, conjunctivitis, nausea/vomiting, maculopapular rash and incapacitating bilateral and symmetric polyarthralgia, which may relapse or persist for months to years ( 72 ). Rare neurologic complications include seizures, acute flaccid paralysis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, cranial nerve palsies, myelitis, encephalopathy, and meningoencephalitis ( 73 ). Persons at risk for CNS disease include neonates exposed intrapartum, older adults (e.g., > 65 years), and persons undergoing immunosuppression for solid organ transplant ( 74 ).…”

Section: Overview Of African Mosquito-borne Arboviruses That Induce Neuroinvasive Diseases In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encephalitic Arboviruses of Africa: Emergence, Clinical Presentation and Neuropathogenesis

Klein¹

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Many mosquito-borne viruses (arboviruses) are endemic in Africa, contributing to systemic and neurological infections in various geographical locations on the continent. While most arboviral infections do not lead to neuroinvasive diseases of the central nervous system, neurologic diseases caused by arboviruses include flaccid paralysis, meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis, neuritis, and post-infectious autoimmune or memory disorders. Here we review endemic members of the Flaviviridae and Togaviridae families that cause neurologic infections, their neuropathogenesis and host neuroimmunological responses in Africa. We also discuss the potential for neuroimmune responses to aide in the development of new diagnostics and therapeutics, and current knowledge gaps to be addressed by arbovirus research.

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Section: Overview Of African Mosquito-borne Arboviruses That Induce Neuroinvasive Diseases In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encephalitic Arboviruses of Africa: Emergence, Clinical Presentation and Neuropathogenesis

Klein¹

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Chikungunya Encephalitis: an Inconsistently Reported Headache and Cause of Death in Patients with Pre-Existing Conditions

2022

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus of the family Togaviridae with outbreaks occurring across Africa, Asia, parts of Europe, and South and Central America. There are three main lineages of CHIKV, including the West African lineage, the East Central South African (ECSA) lineage, and the Asian lineage. While CHIKV infection usually results in a self-limited febrile illness, there have been reports of concerning neurological manifestations, including encephalitis. Herein we discuss findings of over 700 cases of CHIKV encephalitis and risk factors for death. Additionally, we examined the genotypes of CHIKV associated with encephalitis and found that both the Asian and ECSA lineages were responsible for encephalitis but not the West African lineage. Protein analysis of consensus sequences of CHIKV strains associated with encephalitis identified mutations in the nsP1, nsP2, and nsP3 proteins. Reports and manuscripts of CHIKV encephalitis were inconsistent in reporting viral, demographic, and clinical features which complicated the delineation of risk factors associated with the disease and viral evolution. As climate change contributes to the range expansion of natural vectors, it is important for researchers and clinicians to consistently report patient and viral data to facilitate research and countermeasures for the ecology and epidemiology of CHIKV due to the lack of a targeted treatment or vaccine.

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