Chickpea‐Wheat Rotation for Higher Production in a Humid Tropical Region

Danga, B. O.; Ouma, Josephine P.; Wakindiki, Isaiah I.C.; Bar‐Tal, Asher

doi:10.2134/agronj2009.0145

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Research has shown that large fractions of the N requirements for subsequent crops could be met with legumes (Hargrove, 1986; Mitchell and Teel, 1977; Touchton et al, 1984). Reports of wheat–temperate legume rotations have shown greater wheat yields than wheat grown with fertilizer (Danga et al, 2010). However, these improvements were highly variable (0 to >100%), which indicated organic N sources in continuous wheat‐based systems may be unreliable (Evans et al, 1991; MacKown et al, 2007; Nielsen and Vigil, 2005; Pikul et al, 1997; Vigil and Nielsen, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Grass Pea as a Nitrogen Source for Continuous No‐Till Winter Wheat

Rao

Northup

2011

Crop Science

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Sources and methods of use of organic nitrogen (N) in the southern Great Plains (SGP) need testing to find alternatives to increasingly expensive inorganic fertilizer. We examined the function of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), a cool‐season pulse, as a preplant N source for continuous, no‐till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The study was conducted in central Oklahoma (35°40'N, 98°00' W, elevation 414 masl) from 2004 to 2008, on three replicate blocks of four experimental plots (6 by 10 m). Inoculated grass pea seed (‘AC‐Greenfix’) was sown during late summer fallow (mid‐August) in one randomly chosen plot per block (75 kg ha−1, 60‐cm rows; 75% germination). Three additional plots per block mimicked summer fallow with 0 (control), 40, or 80 kg N ha−1 inorganic fertilizer applied. All treatments were repeated on the same plots throughout the study. Samples were collected from grass pea plots at flowering in early October to define aboveground biomass and analyzed for N concentration and digestibility. Aboveground biomass of grass pea was shredded with a flail mower and left on the soil surface, fertilizer treatments were applied, and wheat (‘Jagger’) was sown (100 kg ha−1, 20‐cm rows). Aboveground wheat biomass was collected at three growth stages (elongation, flowering, physiological maturity) and analyzed for N concentration. Grass pea aboveground biomass contained enough N to meet the needs of wheat at planting in only 1 yr. Wheat biomass and amounts of N in wheat aboveground biomass in response to grass pea were intermediate between the 0 and 40 kg applied N ha−1, as was yield and N accumulated in wheat grain. Therefore, grass pea was not effective as a preplant source of N for continuous no‐till winter wheat in the SGP. Additional research is required to define factors that limit the function of grass pea as a source of N for continuous no‐till winter wheat and its potential function in other crop rotations.

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Grass Pea as a Nitrogen Source for Continuous No‐Till Winter Wheat

Rao

Northup

2011

Crop Science

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“…Likewise, lower ratios of C/N, C/P and lignin contents in chickpea straw than wheat straw might also be the reason for quick chickpea straw residues degradation, which rapidly increased soil microbial biomass. Plant material with a low C/N ratio will decompose faster than materials with a high C/N ratio [44]. Organic carbon is used by the soil microorganism as an energy source and C for microbial organic material production which ultimately increases microbial biomass [45]; however, amendment in the soils with the different compositions follow different mineralization patterns and hence variable soil microbial biomass is produced.…”

Section: Microbial Biomass Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of Cd, Pb and Zn through Organic Amendments in Wastewater Irrigated Soils

Malik¹,

Khan

Rukh

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Due to the scarcity of water, raw sewage effluents are often used to irrigate arable suburban soils in developing countries, which causes soil contamination with toxic metals. Soil microorganisms involved in biochemical transformations are sensitive to heavy metals contamination. The study was designed to investigate the effect of organic amendments on the microbial activity of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) fractions and their bioavailability in soils contaminated with wastewater irrigation. Three metal contaminated soils under wastewater irrigation were collected, ground, sieved and added to incubation jars. Two organic amendments: wheat straw and chickpea straw, were applied (1% w/w) to the soil before incubation for 84 days at 25 °C. The CO2-C evolution after 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days was measured and thereafter was also measured weekly. Soil samples collected at 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 days after incubation were analyzed for microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Sequential extraction for metal fractionation of samples was carried out collected at 0, 28, 56 and 84 days. Three soils differed significantly in evolved MBC and ∑CO2-C. Chickpea straw addition significantly increased soil MBC as compared to the wheat straw. Organic amendments significantly increased ∑CO2-C evolution from the soils, which was higher from chickpea straw. The addition of crop residues did not affect total Pb, Cd and Zn contents in soils. The concentration of exchangeable, carbonate bound and residual fractions of Pb, Cd and Zn decreased (6–27%), while the organic matter bound fraction increased (4–75%) with straw addition. Overall, the organic amendments improved microbial activity and reduce the bioavailability of toxic metals in wastewater irrigated soils. Furthermore, organic amendments not only reduce economic losses as they are cheap to produce but also minimize human health risks from heavy metals by hindering their entry into the food chain.

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“…In particular symbiotic N-fixation demands high phosphorous which consumes large amounts of energy [8] generating metabolism strongly depends upon availability of P [9]. Africa contributes to 0.4 -1% of world's green gram production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Rhizobium Inoculation and Phosphate Rock Fertilizer Application on Growth and Yield Components of Green gram (Vigna radiata) in Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya

Mbaka

Oloo-Abucheli

Njoroge

et al. 2021

AJRCS

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Green gram is an important drought tolerant grain legume crop in Kenya. In Tharaka Nithi County green gram is as a major source of food security. Hence, there is need for a cheap and sustainable system of agricultural production is needed to increase its production. The legume/Rhizobium symbiosis in combination with phosphate rock offers a natural system for improving green gram nitrogen fixation. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the effect of Rhizobium and phosphate rock fertilizer application on growth and yield attributes of N26 and KS20 varieties. The study was carried out at Chuka University Horticultural Research Farm for two seasons, November 2019 to January 2020 and February to April 2020. Factorial experiment of 2x2x2 was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). There were three factors, variety (N26 and KS20), phosphate rock (0 and 30 kg P ha-1) and Rhizobium MEA 716 (0 and 100 g ha-1). The experiment contained eight treatments which were replicated three times. The data was collected fortnightly on four randomly selected plants on parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, branches, pods, total dry biomass, shoot and root dry weight and grain yield. These data was analysed using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). Significant means are separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at probability level of 5%. Results for both seasons indicated that combined application of Rhizobium MEA 716 Rhizobium 100 g ha-1 and phosphate rock 30 Kg ha-1 phosphate under variety in treatment (R1P1V2) showed significantly (P<0.05) higher plant height (76.07 cm), number of branches (14.08 plant-1), shoot dry biomass (52.01 g plant-1), root dry biomass (7.60 g plant-1), total dry biomass (146.4 g plant-1), number of pods (84 plant-1) and yield (2158 kg ha-1) compared to variety N26 in treatment (R1P1V1). Therefore, combination of Rhizobium MEA 716 100 g ha-1 and phosphate rock 30 Kg ha-1 under variety KS20 led to improved growth attributes equally yield components of KS20 variety over N26. From these findings, application of Rhizobium MEA716 at 100 g ha-1, and 30 Kg ha -1 phosphate rock under variety KS20 was recommended for improved and a sustainable green gram production in the study area.

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Chickpea‐Wheat Rotation for Higher Production in a Humid Tropical Region

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Grass Pea as a Nitrogen Source for Continuous No‐Till Winter Wheat

Grass Pea as a Nitrogen Source for Continuous No‐Till Winter Wheat

Immobilization of Cd, Pb and Zn through Organic Amendments in Wastewater Irrigated Soils

Influence of Rhizobium Inoculation and Phosphate Rock Fertilizer Application on Growth and Yield Components of Green gram (Vigna radiata) in Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya

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