Chickpea response to saline water: Concurrence of ion homeostasis sustainment and antioxidative defense measures

Fennel outperforms ajwain and anise in saline environment: physiological response mechanisms in germinating seeds and mature plants

“…In line with our findings, salt stress led to increases in osmolytes such as proline and as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice seedlings (Roy et al, 2019). A greater level of salt tolerance in a chickpea genotype was ascribed to the greater activities of the CAT and POX antioxidative enzymes and ability to maintain ion homeostasis (Khamesi et al, 2020), which supports the idea of existence of interrelationships among these traits in the Yazd fennel genotype. Despite certain dissimilarities in the activities of the antioxidative enzymes, either among these medicinal species or between the germinating seeds (Fig.…”

“…Chlorophyll (Chl) a and b and carotenoid concentrations were determined by reading the absorbencies (spectrophotometer: U-1800 UV/VIS, Hitachi, Japan) at 645, 663 and 470 nm, using 80% acetone as blank. Chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were quantified according to Lichtenthaler and Wellburn (1994) and details given by Khamesi et al (2020).…”

“…Excess Na + often competes with K + ions in binding to a number of cytosolic enzymes and proteins, disrupting cellular metabolism. It is postulated that ionic stress is to a great extent related to Na + -induced hindrance in K + functions in plant cells, from stomatal functioning to activities of enzymes of different type (Khamesi et al, 2020). From notable increases and decreases in the Na + (Fig.…”

“…Salinization is increasing both in intensity and extent world-wide (Song et al, 2005). The increasing global population has brought about agricultural malpractices (Khamesi et al, 2020), including the application of low-quality brackish irrigation water, particularly in the arid-semiarid climates. In arid regions such as the Middle East, irrigation of arable lands often aggravates salinization, because of evaporation of the groundwater that is naturally high in salts (De la Reguera et al, 2020).…”

“…Plant cells possess an antioxidative defense system consisting of both nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants, enabling the plant to remove or inactivate ROS. The enzymatic component of the defense includes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) that are mainly activated in the stressed plants and cooperatively reduce the oxidative state (Khamesi et al, 2020). Little is known about comparative physiological responses, grain yield and essential oil yield penalties of different economically important medicinal plant species in saline environments.…”