Chickens’ growth performance and pancreas development exposed to soy cake varying in trypsin inhibitor activity, heat-degraded lysine concentration, and protein solubility in potassium hydroxide

Hoffmann, D.; Thurner, S.; Ankerst, Donna P.; Damme, K.; Windisch, W.; Brügger, Daniel

doi:10.3382/ps/pey592

Cited by 15 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The aforementioned study of Hoffmann et al (2019), observed a straight linear decrease of zootechnical performance and especially feeding efficiency of broiler chicks when fed diets with finely graded differences in dietary TIA ranging from 0.3-8.7 mg/g. In fact, using ESBM with TIA below 4.0 mg/g further improved feed efficiency of up to 16% until the end of the grower stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, TFI and FCR were less impaired by TIA than LW and TWG, which seems to contradict earlier data at first glance. However, the experimental phase in our trials was set from day 15 to day 22 according to the experimental model of Rodehutscord et al (2004) whereas Hoffmann et al (2019) observed the zootechnical performance throughout the whole grower and finisher stages of fattening. This may explain why TFI and FCR was less responsive in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furuse et al (1990) observed in their survey a prompt increase of plasma CCK after 15 minutes, when feeding rats with soybean trypsin inhibitor. In the present study, we used the same ESBM as Hoffmann et al (2019). In their feeding trials, a linear increase of pancreatic weight with rising TIA levels in feed was observed at the end of the finishing phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies have been published showing the negative effect of trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) on growth performance of rats (Grant et al, 1995; Gu et al, 2010), chickens (Clarke and Wiseman, 2007, 2005; Heger et al, 2016), turkeys (Mian and Garlich, 1995) and pigs (Batterham et al, 1993; Herkelman et al, 1992; Zollitsch et al, 1993). Furthermore, TI causes pancreas hypertrophy and hyperplasia in rats (Abbey et al, 1979; Grant et al, 1995) and chickens (Gertler et al, 1967; Hoffmann et al, 2019; Pacheco et al, 2014; Perilla et al, 1997). In response to the inhibition of digestive processes, the pancreas increases its size and number of acinar cells in order to elevate the secretion of digestive enzymes (Nitsan and Liener, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Varying trypsin inhibitor activity in differently processed soybean expellers linearly reduces prececal amino acid digestibility in broilers

Kuenz

Thurner

Hoffmann

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The present study investigated the effect of varying trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) in differently processed soybean expellers on apparent prececal amino acid (AA) digestibility in male broiler chickens. Two different raw soybean batches were treated using four different processing techniques (thermal, hydrothermal, pressure, kilning) at varying intensities. In this way, 45 expeller extracted soybean meal (ESBM) variants were created. The processed soybean variants were then merged into a basal diet (160 g/kg crude protein (CP)) at two inclusion levels (15%, 30%) resulting in 91 different diets (1 basal diet plus 90 experimental diets) with TIA ranging from 0.4 mg/g to 8.5 mg/g. All diets contained 0.5% of titanium dioxide (TiO2). During four experimental runs, a total of 5,460 1-day old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were fed a commercial starter diet (CP 215 g/kg, 14 g/kg Lysine, 12.5 MJ ME/kg) ad libitum from day 1 to day 14. Subsequently, birds were allocated to a total of 546 pens with 10 birds per pen and were fed the 91 experimental diets ad libitum. At day 22, birds were sacrificed and digesta of the terminal ileum was collected for determination of AA digestibility. TIA depressed the prececal digestibility of every single AA significantly in a straight linear fashion (p < 0.001). cystine and methionine expressed the strongest suppression by TIA with cystine showing the lowest apparent prececal digestibility measured (4.94% at 23.6 mg/g TIA in raw ESBM). Correspondingly, live weight (LW) (p < 0.001) and total weight gain (TWG) (p < 0.001) declined in a linear manner with increasing TIA in feed. The present data demonstrate that TIA severely depresses digestibility of essential and non-essential AA and thus growth performance in a straight linear fashion. On the one hand, this questions the usefulness of defined upper limits of TIA in soy products whereas on the other hand, TIA must be considered when testing raw components for their feed protein value in vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Varying trypsin inhibitor activity in differently processed soybean expellers linearly reduces prececal amino acid digestibility in broilers

Kuenz

Thurner

Hoffmann

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The depressed performance observed with feeding high SBM levels could be attributed to the dietary concentration of ANF, such as protease inhibitors, lectins, non-starch polysaccharides, phytate, and potentially allergens. It has been demonstrated that protease inhibitors reduce broiler performance (Hoffmann et al, 2019) by inhibiting protein digestion (Palliyeguru et al., 2011), however, these compounds are heat labile and can be reduced during processing. There is minimal research into the critical level of protease inhibitors that will negatively affect poultry performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of protein sources on performance characteristics of turkeys in the first three weeks of life

et al. 2019

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The effect of nutrition during the early life of turkey poults has a long-lasting impact on bird performance. This study assessed the digestibility of 5 high protein feed ingredients (soybean meal [SBM], corn gluten meal [CGM], canola protein concentrate [CPC], fish meal [FM], and porcine meal [PCM]) in broiler chickens, as well as their use in turkey pre-starter diets fed to 21 d of age. The first experiment (5 × 2 factorial arrangement) determined nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AIAAD) of each ingredient in broiler chickens at 5 and 21 d of age, using 6 replications of 30 and 8 chicks, respectively. In the second experiment (completely randomized design), 4 replication pens, containing 23 d-old poults, were randomly assigned to one of 5 dietary treatments. The diets were formulated based on the AMEn and AIAAD values derived in the first experiment, and consisted of a high SBM control diet, and 4 additional diets with either CPC, FM, PCM or CGM replacing 25% of the protein supplied by SBM in the control diet. Statistical analysis was completed using Proc Mixed in SAS 9.3. Planned contrasts were used to compare treatments in the second experiment. Trends were identified at P < 0.10 and significant differences identified at P ≤ 0.05. Bird age did not affect CPC, FM, CGM, and SBM AMEn, but the PCM value at d 5 was higher than that at d 21. Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility increased with age for most amino acids (AA), but the response was AA and protein source dependent. The largest average increase in AIAAD between 5 and 21 d of age was observed for CGM. Inclusion of CPC, FM, PCM, or CGM increased body weight up to 14 d, in comparison to poults fed the SBM diet, but feed efficiency and water consumption were not affected. Terminal ileum digesta moisture values were higher for birds fed SBM when compared to those fed PCM. These results demonstrate that combining SBM with CPC, FM, PCM, or CGM improves poult performance during the first 14 d of life in comparison to feeding SBM alone.

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Extrusion puffing as a pretreatment method to change the surface structure, physicochemical properties and in vitro protein digestibility of distillers dried grains with solubles

Liu,

Xie,

Deng

et al. 2023

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUNDDistillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are rich in nutrition, and they are potential protein feed raw material. However, the existence of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin hinders animals' digestion and absorption of DDGS. Making full use of unconventional feed resources such as DDGS can alleviate the shortage of feed resources to a certain extent. This research investigated the effects of twin‐screw extrusion on the macromolecular composition, physical and chemical properties, surface structure and in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of DDGS.RESULTSThe findings showed that extrusion puffing significantly increased the protein solubility, bulk density, water holding capacity, and swelling capacity, while significantly decreased hemicellulose and crude protein content, particle size and zeta potential of DDGS. The structure damage of DDGS induced by the extrusion was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FITR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Interestingly, no random coil was observed in the analysis of the secondary structure, and extrusion promoted the transformation of α‐helix and β‐turn to β‐sheet, which led to significant increases in protein solubility and IVPD of DDGS (P < 0.05). Additionally, correlation analysis revealed that IVPD and PS had a positive relationship.CONCLUSIONExtrusion puffing was an ideal pretreatment method for DDGS modification to improve in vitro protein digestibility. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Chickens’ growth performance and pancreas development exposed to soy cake varying in trypsin inhibitor activity, heat-degraded lysine concentration, and protein solubility in potassium hydroxide

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Varying trypsin inhibitor activity in differently processed soybean expellers linearly reduces prececal amino acid digestibility in broilers

Varying trypsin inhibitor activity in differently processed soybean expellers linearly reduces prececal amino acid digestibility in broilers

Effect of protein sources on performance characteristics of turkeys in the first three weeks of life

Extrusion puffing as a pretreatment method to change the surface structure, physicochemical properties and in vitro protein digestibility of distillers dried grains with solubles

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