Chicken toll-like receptors and their significance in immune response and disease resistance

Nawab, Aamir; An, Lilong; Wu, Jianli; Li, Guanghui; Li, Wenchao; Yun-feng, Zhao; Wu, Qisheng; Xiao, Mei

doi:10.1080/08830185.2019.1659258

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…Previously, oral supplementation of mice with laminarin increased TLR2 expression in the small intestine, like the current study ( Rice et al, 2005 ). TLR2 is a member of the transmembrane Toll-like receptors involved in pathogen recognition and immune response initiation, that is predominantly involved in the recognition of Gram-positive bacteria but also Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites ( Keestra et al, 2013 ; Nawab et al, 2019 ). S. Enteritidis infection in chickens led to the suppression of the inflammatory response including TLR2 downregulation that was associated with increased S. Enteritidis counts in the caecum and crop, S. Enteritidis invasion in extraintestinal tissues and susceptibility to infection ( Gou et al, 2012 ; Quinteiro-Filho et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary supplementation with a laminarin-rich extract on the growth performance and gastrointestinal health in broilers

et al. 2021

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Restriction in antimicrobial use in broiler chicken production is driving the exploration of alternative feed additives that will support growth through the promotion of gastrointestinal health and development. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary inclusion of laminarin on growth performance, the expression of nutrient transporters, markers of inflammation and intestinal integrity in the small intestine and composition of the caecal microbiota in broiler chickens. Two-hundred-and-forty day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks (40.64 (3.43 SD) g) were randomly assigned to: (T1) basal diet (control); (T2) basal diet + 150 ppm laminarin; (T3) basal diet + 300 ppm laminarin (5 bird/pen; 16 pens/treatment). The basal diet was supplemented with a laminarin-rich Laminaria spp. extract (65% laminarin) to achieve the two laminarin inclusion levels (150 and 300 ppm). Chick weights and feed intake was recorded weekly. After 35 days of supplementation, one bird per pen from the control and best performing (300 ppm) laminarin groups were euthanized. Duodenal, jejunal and ileal tissues were collected for gene expression analysis. Caecal digesta was collected for microbiota analysis (high-throughput sequencing and QPCR). Dietary supplementation with 300 ppm laminarin increased both final body weight (2033 vs. 1906 ± 30.4, P < 0.05) and average daily gain (62.3 vs. 58.2 ± 0.95, P < 0.05) compared to the control group and average daily feed intake (114.1 vs. 106.0 and 104.5 ± 1.77, P < 0.05) compared to all other groups. Laminarin supplementation at 300 ppm increased the relative and absolute abundance of Bifidobacterium ( P < 0.05) in the caecum. Laminarin supplementation increased the expression of interleukin 17A ( IL17A ) in the duodenum, claudin 1 ( CLDN1 ) and toll-like receptor 2 ( TLR2 ) in the jejunum and IL17A, CLDN1 and SLC15A1 /peptide transporter 1 ( SLC15A1 / PepT1 ) in the ileum ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with laminarin is a promising dietary strategy to enhance growth performance and 300 ppm was the optimal inclusion level with which to promote a beneficial profile of the gastrointestinal microbiota in broiler chickens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary supplementation with a laminarin-rich extract on the growth performance and gastrointestinal health in broilers

et al. 2021

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“…chTLR3 and chTLR7 are orthologous to their mammalian counterparts [ 45 , 46 ] and function similarly to stimulate production of type I interferons (IFNs) [ 16 ], though orthologs of mammalian IKKγ, MKK7, and IRF3 were not detected in chicken [ 45 ]. The significance of chTLRs in immune responses is summarized and the review is recommended for further reading [ 47 ].…”

Section: Pattern Recognition Receptors Triggered By Ibv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Antiviral Responses against Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV): Focus on Innate Immunity

Zhang

Cao

2021

Viruses

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Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an important gammacoronavirus. The virus is highly contagious, can infect chickens of all ages, and causes considerable economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. In the last few decades, numerous studies have been published regarding pathogenicity, vaccination, and host immunity-virus interaction. In particular, innate immunity serves as the first line of defense against invasive pathogens and plays an important role in the pathogenetic process of IBV infection. This review focuses on fundamental aspects of host innate immune responses after IBV infection, including identification of conserved viral structures and different components of host with antiviral activity, which could provide useful information for novel vaccine development, vaccination strategies, and intervention programs.

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“…The manipulation of gut mineral bioavailability through supplementation of OTM can influence cell and antibody-mediated immune response. The main target for supplementation of OTM is the reduction of local inflammation and limitation of further impairment of immune function [13].…”

Section: Rt-pcr Expression Analysis Of Tlr4 In Bursa Of Fabricius and Spleen Of Broilermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different concentration of organic and inorganic trace minerals (zinc, selenium, and chromium) supplementation on expression of chTLR4 gene and humoral immune response in broilers

et al. 2021

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Background and Aim: Poultry production is the fastest-growing livestock sector in developing countries. In the poultry diet, trace minerals (zinc [Zn], selenium [Se], and chromium [Cr]) are normally administered in the inorganic form which has been traditionally considered as the most cost-effective and easily available but organic forms of these trace minerals have a higher bioavailability, lower dietary inclusion and cause less environmental pollution as compared to inorganic form. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of organic and inorganic forms of trace minerals (Zn, Se, and Cr) supplementation (0-35 days) on expression of chTLR4gene and humoral immune response in broilers. Materials and Methods: A total of 216 broilers were randomly divided into 12 groups and each group divided into three replicates consisting of six broilers each. T1 (R1, R2, and R3) group was kept as control. T2, T3, and T4 (R1, R2, and R3) groups were supplemented with inorganic form of Zn at 40 mg/kg of feed, organic form of Zn at 40 mg/kg of feed, and 50% organic form of Zn at 20 mg/kg of feed, respectively. T5, T6, and T7 (R1, R2, and R3) groups were supplemented with inorganic form of Se at 0.3 mg/kg of feed, organic form of Se at 0.3 mg/kg of feed, and 50% organic form of Se at 0.15 mg/kg of feed, respectively. T8, T9, and T10 (R1, R2, and R3) groups were supplemented with inorganic form of Cr at 2 mg/kg of feed, organic form of Cr at 2 mg/kg of feed, and 50% organic form of Cr at 1 mg/kg of feed, respectively. T11 and T12 (R1, R2, and R3) groups were supplemented with a combination of all three minerals from inorganic and organic forms, respectively. Results: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction gene expression analysis revealed that in bursa of Fabricius, maximum upregulation of chTLR4 (3.0214 fold) was observed in T6 group, and in spleen, maximum upregulation of chTLR4 (3.2140 fold) was observed in T3 group as compared to control group. On day 35, the maximum plasma immunoglobulin G concentration was observed in organic trace minerals (OTMs) supplemented, whereas the minimum concentration was recorded in control group. On day 28 and 35, the overall mean heterophil:lymphocyte ratio showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between control and OTM supplemented groups. A significantly higher immune organ weight (spleen and bursa of Fabricius) was recorded in OTM supplemented group as compared to control and other supplemented group. Conclusion: Supplementation of organic form of Zn, Se, and Cr either alone or in combination increase humoral immune response and upregulation of chTLR4 gene expression in bursa and spleen indicates a beneficial effect of OTM in augmentation of immune system in broilers.

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Chicken toll-like receptors and their significance in immune response and disease resistance

Cited by 37 publications

References 162 publications

Effects of dietary supplementation with a laminarin-rich extract on the growth performance and gastrointestinal health in broilers

Effects of dietary supplementation with a laminarin-rich extract on the growth performance and gastrointestinal health in broilers

Host Antiviral Responses against Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV): Focus on Innate Immunity

Effects of different concentration of organic and inorganic trace minerals (zinc, selenium, and chromium) supplementation on expression of chTLR4 gene and humoral immune response in broilers

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