“…Due to the lack of highly effective culture systems in vitro, the life cycle of HEV remains unclear. Using HEV-like particles (HEV-LPs), several host factors have been determined to participate in naked HEV infection, including cell attachment, entry, and/or trafficking (Kamar et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2011;Kapur et al, 2012;Holla et al, 2015;Ahmed et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016;Li et al, 2019;Shiota et al, 2019). For example, during clathrinand dynamin-dependent endocytosis, membrane cholesterol, the PI3K pathway, and actin have been shown to participate in cell entry and membrane trafficking of naked HEV particles (Kapur et al, 2012;Holla et al, 2015).…”