Chicken nucleated blood cells as a cellular model for genotoxicity testing using the comet assay

Sokolović, Marijana; Garaj‐Vrhovac, Vera; Ramić, Snježana; Šimpraga, Borka

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.013

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Toxicated birds belonging to T-2+IBV groups showed significant increment in levels of alkaline phosphatase cytes [5]. This signified that the chicks were suffering and ALT at 6 (21) WTF (DPI), respectively ( Table 2).…”

Section: Effects Of T-2 Toxin and Ibv Infection On Various Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytotoxic radiomimetic effects of T-2 toxin were considered as a major cause of impaired protein synthesis. In vivo T-2 toxin induced DNA damage in chicken peripheral lymphocytes [5] and apoptosis in vivo in haematopoietic tissues, spleen, liver and intestinal crypts of mice [6][7][8]. T-2 toxin was found to be haematotoxic having its effects on bone marrow, circulating blood cells and haemostasis [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T-2 toxin is a member of a large group of fungal metabolites with same basic chemical structure, called Trichothecene mycotoxins, produced by various species of Fusarium [4]. T-2 toxin has been commonly found in grains and poultry feed [5] and is well known for its genotoxic, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects. Actively dividing cells (cells of the gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver) are found to be highly sensitive to T-2 toxin activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Haematobiochemical Alterations in Broiler Chickens Fed with T-2 Toxin and Co-Infected with IBV

Yohannes¹,

Sharma²,

Singh³

et al. 2013

OJVM

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The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate and record the effects of T-2 toxicity alone and in association with IBV infection on haematobiochemical parameters. A total of 128 one-week-old chicks were divided into four groups of 32 birds each and were treated respectively with T-2 toxin alone, IBV alone, T-2 toxin and co-infected with IBV, and no treatment (control) for a period of 6 weeks. Haematologically, the birds treated with T-2 toxin developed anaemia as indicated by significant decrease in haemoglobin levels, total erythrocyte counts and packed cell volume values; leucopenia, lymphocytopenia heterophilia and thrombocytopenia. The IBV infected birds exhibited lymphocytophilia and heteropoenia; the degrees of severity of leucopenia, lymphocytopenia heterophilia and thrombocytopenia were more pronounced in T-2+IBV groups. The serum biochemistry revealed hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia in all the treated groups consistently. Besides, hypoglobulinemia and increased levels of alanine aminotransferase in T-2+IBV, and increased levels of alkaline phosphatase in toxin group alone were recorded. The changes in biochemical parameters were more in magnitude in the combination treatment group and their severity increased with duration of treatment. It was concluded that T-2 toxin made the birds more susceptible to IBV infection.

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Section: Effects Of T-2 Toxin and Ibv Infection On Various Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Haematobiochemical Alterations in Broiler Chickens Fed with T-2 Toxin and Co-Infected with IBV

Yohannes¹,

Sharma²,

Singh³

et al. 2013

OJVM

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“…Already after 24 h of a single dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight T-2 for chicken, DNA damage of lymphocytes was detected by comet assay (Sokolovic et al, 2007). T-2 induced DNA-fragmentation was successfully prevented by adding antioxidants indicating, that oxidative stress could be involved in DNA damage (Jaradat, 2006).…”

Section: Antioxidants and Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and combined effects of feed artificially contaminated with with fumonisin B1 and T-2 toxin in weaned rabbits

Hafner

Szabó

D’Costa

et al. 2016

WMJ

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Co-contamination of feed and feed raw materials with two or more mycotoxins is frequently reported, however, only a few studies have investigated the combined effects of low doses of multiple mycotoxins. In the present study the individual and combined effects of 10 mg/kg fumonisin B 1 and 2 mg/kg T-2 toxin (n=12/group) were investigated in weaned rabbits. Mycotoxin contaminated feed was produced by adding fungal cultures of Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium sporotrichioides, and fed to 40 days old rabbits during 28 days. Feed intake and body weight were measured weekly, serum biochemistry and antioxidant parameters on day 0, 14 and 28, while histopathological examination and comet assay were performed at the end of the experiment. T-2 exposure both alone and in combination resulted in 15-18% less final body weight compared to the control and FB 1 treatment. There was a significant increase in the concentration of plasma total protein, albumin, fructosamine and creatinine in the group treated with FB 1 compared to the control. The liver and the kidney of most animals treated with T-2 toxin, FB 1 and their combination showed pathological changes, occurring more frequent in animals exposed to both toxins. T-2 resulted in depletion of lymphocytes in the spleen. FB 1 and T-2 exerted synergistic effect on the antioxidant/oxidative parameters after 2 weeks of exposure, manifesting in less glutathione and glutathione peroxidase, while more malondialdehyde was produced. Both toxins caused DNA damage in the lymphocytes, which was more pronounced in the group fed T-2 toxin and T-2 combined with FB 1 , without additive or synergistic effects.

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“…Cytotoxic radiomimetic effects of T-2 toxin are considered to be a result of primarily impaired protein synthesis, and consequently of the inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis (8,58,59). Furthermore, in vivo T-2 toxin can induce polyploidy in Allium cepa (60), sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster (61), DNA single-strand breaks in thymus and spleen of BALB/c mouse (56), chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster bone marrow and mice (62,63), and DNA damage in chicken peripheral lymphocytes (64). According to the results of studies on the genotoxicity of T-2 toxin in vitro, T-2 toxin can induce DNA single-strand breaks in primary hematocytes, thymic and spleen lymphocytes of BALB/c mouse (56), gene mutations and sister chromatide exchange in Chinese hamster V79 fibroblasts (65)(66)(67)(68), formation of micronucleus in Chinese hamster V79 fibroblasts (67), unscheduled DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts (69), and inhibition of intercellular communication in Chinese hamster V79 cells (70).…”

Section: Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-2 Toxin: Incidence and Toxicity in Poultry

Sokolović¹,

Garaj-Vrhovac²,

Šimpraga³

2008

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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T-2 toxin is the most toxic type A trichothecene mycotoxin. It is the secondary metabolite of the Fusarium fungi, and is common in grain and animal feed. Toxic effects have been shown both in experimental animals and in livestock. It has been implicated in several outbreaks of human mycotoxicoses. Toxic effects in poultry include inhibition of protein, DNA, and RNA synthesis, cytotoxicity, immunomodulation, cell lesions in the digestive tract, organs and skin, neural disturbances and low performance in poultry production (decreased weight gain, egg production, and hatchability). Concentrations of T-2 toxin in feed are usually low, and its immunosuppressive effects and secondary infections often make diagnosis difficult. If at the onset of the disease, a change in diet leads to health and performance improvements in animals, this may point to mycotoxin poisoning. Regular control of grain and feed samples is a valuable preventive measure, and it is accurate only if representative samples are tested. This article reviews the incidence and toxic effects of T-2 toxin in poultry.

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Chicken nucleated blood cells as a cellular model for genotoxicity testing using the comet assay

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Experimental Haematobiochemical Alterations in Broiler Chickens Fed with T-2 Toxin and Co-Infected with IBV

Experimental Haematobiochemical Alterations in Broiler Chickens Fed with T-2 Toxin and Co-Infected with IBV

Individual and combined effects of feed artificially contaminated with with fumonisin B1 and T-2 toxin in weaned rabbits

T-2 Toxin: Incidence and Toxicity in Poultry

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