Chicken jejunal microbiota improves growth performance by mitigating intestinal inflammation

Abstract

Background Intestinal inflammation is prevalent in chicken, which results in decreased growth performance and considerable economic losses. Accumulated findings established the close relationship between gut microbiota and chicken growth performance. However, whether gut microbiota impacts chicken growth performance by lessening intestinal inflammation remains elusive. Results Seven-weeks-old male and female chickens with the highest or lowest body weights were significantly different in breast and leg muscle indices and average cross-sectional area of muscle cells. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated Gram-positive bacteria, such as Lactobacilli, were the predominant species in high body weight chickens. Conversely, Gram-negative bacteria, such as Comamonas, Acinetobacter, Brucella, Escherichia-Shigella, Thermus, Undibacterium, and Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium were significantly abundant in low body weight chickens. Serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level was significantly higher in low body weight chickens (101.58 ± 5.78 ng/mL) compared with high body weight chickens (85.12 ± 4.79 ng/mL). The expression of TLR4, NF-κB, MyD88, and related inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum was significantly upregulated in low body weight chickens, which led to the damage of gut barrier integrity. Furthermore, transferring fecal microbiota from adult chickens with high body weight into 1-day-old chicks reshaped the jejunal microbiota, mitigated inflammatory response, and improved chicken growth performance. Conclusions Our findings suggested that jejunal microbiota could affect chicken growth performance by mitigating intestinal inflammation.

Therapeutic efficacy of liraglutide versus metformin in modulating the gut microbiota for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

“…At the genus level, the effect of the two drugs on the structure of the intestinal bacterial community of patients is well-known. Studies have shown that Escherichia – Shigella species can increase endotoxemia, produce endogenous ethanol, trigger strong inflammatory reactions, and cause insulin resistance ( Frost et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ). Megamonas is closely associated with inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and obesity ( Chiu et al, 2014 ; Yachida et al, 2019 ).…”

Dietary supplementation of solubles from shredded, steam-exploded pine particles modifies gut length and cecum microbiota in cyclic heat-stressed broilers

“…Prevotella and Undibacterium are associated with infection and low body weight in chickens ( Falagas and Siakavellas, 2000 ; Zhang, et al, 2022 ). An increase in the abundance of Prevotella and Undibacterium in CHS birds indicates the adverse effect of heat exposure, which was also correlated with a decrease in body weight in the present study.…”

Metabolic and inflammatory linkage of the chicken cecal microbiome to growth performance

“…However, these types of intensive antibiotic-use practices have accelerated the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and this has become a major public global health concern (Wang et al, 2019). Therefore, many countries including China have prohibited the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in food animal production and scientists are committed to developing antibiotic alternatives for animal growth promotion (Zhang et al, 2022a). One promising alternative is the use of probiotics or associated metabolites derived from the chicken gut microbiome (Ayalew et al, 2022).…”

“…Despite established relationships between gut the microbiota and chicken growth performance, mechanistic details have yet to be formulated. However, intestinal inflammation due to colonization by bacterial pathogens has been linked to poor growth performance and probiotic treatments can counter these effects (Zhang et al, 2022a). Regulation of fat metabolism and improved growth performance have also been directly linked to specific cecal microbiota (Zhang et al, 2022b).…”