Chicken Coccidiosis: From the Parasite Lifecycle to Control of the Disease

Mesa-Pineda, Carolina; Navarro-Ruiz, Jeffer Leonardo; López-Osorio, Sara; Chaparro-Gutiérrez, Jenny J.; Gómez-Osorio, Luis M.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.787653

Cited by 77 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…NC, negative control; PC, untreated and infected group as a positive control; A-I, farm samples association between disease occurrence and management type; chickens raised using a free-range type of management had a higher coccidiosis rate. The fecal-oral route is the mode of transmission of the infective state of Eimeria species (sporulated oocysts) [35]. Use of deep litter provides conditions that promote oocyst accumulation, sporulation, and persistence in the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological investigation and drug resistance of Eimeria species in Korean chicken farms

et al. 2022

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Background Coccidiosis is a poultry disease that occurs worldwide and is caused by Eimeria species. The infection is associated with reduced feed efficiency, body weight gain, and egg production. This study aimed to investigate the current status of coccidiosis and anticoccidial resistance to anticoccidial drugs used as part of control strategies for this disease in Korean chicken farms. Results An overall prevalence of 75% (291/388) was found. Positive farms contained several Eimeria species (mean = 4.2). Of the positive samples, E. acervulina (98.6%), E. maxima (84.8%), and E. tenella (82.8%) were the most prevalent species. Compared with cage-fed chickens, broilers and native chickens reared in free-range management were more at risk of acquiring an Eimeria infection. Sensitivities to six anticoccidial drugs (clopidol, diclazuril, maduramycin, monensin, salinomycin, and toltrazuril) were tested using nine field samples. Compared with untreated healthy control chickens, the body weight gains of infected chickens and treated/infected chickens were significantly reduced in all groups. Fecal oocyst shedding was significantly reduced in four clopidol-treated/infected groups, three diclazuril-treated/infected groups, two toltrazuril-treated/infected groups, one monensin-treated/infected group, and one salinomycin-treated/infected group, compared with the respective untreated/infected control groups. Intestinal lesion scores were also reduced in three clopidol-treated/infected groups, one monensin-treated/infected group, and one toltrazuril-treated/infected group. However, an overall assessment using the anticoccidial index, percent optimum anticoccidial activity, relative oocyst production, and reduced lesion score index found that all field samples had strong resistance to all tested anticoccidial drugs. Conclusion The results of this large-scale epidemiological investigation and anticoccidial sensitivity testing showed a high prevalence of coccidiosis and the presence of severe drug resistant Eimeria species in the field. These findings will be useful for optimizing the control of coccidiosis in the poultry industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological investigation and drug resistance of Eimeria species in Korean chicken farms

et al. 2022

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“…According to the latest estimates, the global cost of coccidiosis to the poultry industry is about £10 billion annually (2). Eimeria parasites have a complex developmental life cycle, with an exogenous phase in the environment, where oocysts excreted from chickens undergo differentiation (sporulation) and become infective, and an endogenous phase in the intestinal epithelial cells consisting of 3-5 rounds of schizogony, resulting in successive generations of schizonts (containing several merozoites), followed by sexual development and shedding of unsporulated oocysts (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of microRNAs in different stages of Eimeria tenella

et al. 2022

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Apicomplexan parasites have divergent biogenesis machinery for small RNA generation. Analysis has shown that parasites in Plasmodium and Cryptosporidium as well as many species in Leishmania or Trypanosoma do not have a complete machinery in small RNA biogenesis. Recently, the miRNA-generating system of Toxoplasma has been identified as plant/fungal-like and its miRNAome has been elucidated. However, the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles and their potential regulatory functions in different stages of Eimeria tenella remain largely unknown. In this study, we characterized the RNA silencing machinery of E. tenella and investigated the miRNA population distribution at different life stages by high-throughput sequencing. We characterized the expression of miRNAs in the unsporulated oocyst, sporulated oocyst and schizogony stages, obtaining a total of 392 miRNAs. We identified 58 differentially expressed miRNAs between USO (unsporulated oocysts) and SO (sporulated oocysts) that were significantly enriched for their potential target genes in the regulation of gene expression and chromatin binding, suggesting an epigenetic modulation of sporulating by these miRNAs. In comparing miRNA expression at endogenous and exogenous developmental stages, twenty-four miRNAs were identified differently expressed. Those were mainly associated with the regulation of genes with protein kinase activity, suggesting control of protein phosphorylation. This is the first study about the evolution of miRNA biogenesis system and miRNA control of gene expression in Eimeria species. Our data may lead to functional insights into of the regulation of gene expression during parasite life cycle in apicomplexan parasites.

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“…Eimeria is parasitic protozoa that cause chickens’ intestinal tissue to become inflamed and bleed easily after invasion, inducing the host’s innate and adaptive immunity [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Macrophages can be activated by a variety of stimuli, such as parasites, lipoproteins, viruses, and other microorganisms, and are known for their key roles in the immune response [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CircDCLRE1C Regulated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis by Regulating miR-214b-3p/STAT3 Pathway in Macrophages

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The immune cell inflammation response is closely related to the occurrence of disease, and much evidence has shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in the occurrence of disease. However, the biological function and regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in the immune cell inflammation response remain poorly understood. In this study, we constructed an inflammatory model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated chicken macrophage lines (also known as HD11) to verify the function and mechanism of the novel circDCLRE1C (ID: gga_circ_0001674), which was significantly upregulated in spleen tissues infected by coccidia and the macrophage cells exposed to LPS. The results showed that circDCLRE1C aggravated LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in HD11 cells. Systemically, circDCLRE1C acted as a sponge for miR-214b-3p binding sites thereby regulating the expression of STAT3. The overexpression of miR-214b-3p rescued the pro-inflammatory effect of circDCLRE1C in HD11 cells stimulated with LPS, and rescued the high expression of STAT3. In conclusion, our study showed that circDCLRE1C could aggravate LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis through competitive adsorption of miR-214b-3p, thereby increasing the expression of STAT3.

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Chicken Coccidiosis: From the Parasite Lifecycle to Control of the Disease

Cited by 77 publications

References 127 publications

Epidemiological investigation and drug resistance of Eimeria species in Korean chicken farms

Epidemiological investigation and drug resistance of Eimeria species in Korean chicken farms

A comparative study of microRNAs in different stages of Eimeria tenella

CircDCLRE1C Regulated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis by Regulating miR-214b-3p/STAT3 Pathway in Macrophages

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