“…In peripheral tissues, MC5R is involved in exocrine and endocrine gland secretion [ 41 , 42 ], defense behavior [ 43 , 44 ], thermoregulation [ 41 ], inflammation [ 45 , 46 ], and immune response [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. MC5R regulates energy metabolism in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle of various species, such as humans [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], mice [ 51 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ], chickens [ 61 ], and sea bass [ 62 ]. MC5R primarily regulates energy metabolism via adipocyte lipolysis and re-esterification, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose uptake [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”