Chick embryo survival under acute carbon monoxide challenges

Cirotto, Carlo; Arangi, I.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(89)90794-9

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, convective oxygen transport is not required in developing zebrafish until approximately 14 days post-fertilization, at which point the dissolved oxygen gradient between external water and tissues is no longer sufficient to drive diffusional oxygen transport to all cells (Pelster and Burrgen 1996; Jacob et al 2002). A similar lack of requirement for convective oxygen transport in very early, small embryos with established circulations has been demonstrated in chick and frogs (Cirotto and Arangi 1989; Territo and Burggren 1998). In fact, the hemodynamic forces imparted by blood flow do play a critical role in several aspects of normal vertebrate vascular development, including remodeling and extension of existing networks, stabilization of nascent vessels, arterial-venous specification, and definitive hematopoietic stem cell development.…”

Section: Hemodynamic Forces In Vascular Developmentsupporting

confidence: 67%

Mechanotransduction in embryonic vascular development

Roman

Pekkan

2012

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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Section: Hemodynamic Forces In Vascular Developmentsupporting

confidence: 67%

Mechanotransduction in embryonic vascular development

Roman

Pekkan

2012

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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“…Hypoxic conditions could damage endothelial cells directly or alter the levels of necessary growth factors such as Vegf (also known as Vegfa -Mouse Genome Informatics), which could impair remodeling (Conway et al, 2003;May et al, 2004). However, early mouse embryos (8.5 dpc), like early chick (Cirotto and Arangi, 1989;Pelster and Burggren, 1996;Territo and Burggren, 1998), frog (Territo and Burggren, 1998) and zebrafish embryos (Pelster and Burggren, 1996), can be cultured in the presence of carbon monoxide, which competes for oxygen binding to hemoglobin, without effecting the initial stages of vasculogenesis or vascular remodeling (E.A.V.J., S.E.F. and M.E.D., unpublished).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular remodeling of the mouse yolk sac requires hemodynamic force

et al. 2007

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The embryonic heart and vessels are dynamic and form and remodel while functional. Much has been learned about the genetic mechanisms underlying the development of the cardiovascular system, but we are just beginning to understand how changes in heart and vessel structure are influenced by hemodynamic forces such as shear stress. Recent work has shown that vessel remodeling in the mouse yolk sac is secondarily effected when cardiac function is reduced or absent. These findings indicate that proper circulation is required for vessel remodeling, but have not defined whether the role of circulation is to provide mechanical cues, to deliver oxygen or to circulate signaling molecules. Here, we used time-lapse confocal microscopy to determine the role of fluid-derived forces in vessel remodeling in the developing murine yolk sac. Novel methods were used to characterize flows in normal embryos and in embryos with impaired contractility (Mlc2a -/-). We found abnormal plasma and erythroblast circulation in these embryos, which led us to hypothesize that the entry of erythroblasts into circulation is a key event in triggering vessel remodeling. We tested this by sequestering erythroblasts in the blood islands, thereby lowering the hematocrit and reducing shear stress, and found that vessel remodeling and the expression of eNOS (Nos3) depends on erythroblast flow. Further, we rescued remodeling defects and eNOS expression in low-hematocrit embryos by restoring the viscosity of the blood. These data show that hemodynamic force is necessary and sufficient to induce vessel remodeling in the mammalian yolk sac.

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“…More recent observations have shown that complete elimination of blood flow by cardiac ligation has no significant acute effect on embryonic oxygen consumption from day 3 to day 5 in chicken embryos (8). Similarly, elimination of blood oxygen transport in adult trout (20), embryonic chickens (11), and larval zebrafish (35) or ablation of the heart in salamander larvae (33) is also nonlethal. Collectively, these observations have lent credence to the hypothesis of "prosynchronotropy," namely, that the heart begins to beat and convey blood well in advance of the absolute need for convective transport (7,42).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Body, eye, and chorioallantoic vessel growth are not dependent on cardiac output level in day 3–4 chicken embryos

Burggren

Khorrami²,

Pinder³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Normal aerobic metabolic rates persist in the early chicken embryo after elimination of cardiac output, but the dependence of tissue growth and differentiation on blood flow is unknown in these early stages. We partially ligated (25-50% occlusion) the ventricular outflow tract of Hamburger-Hamilton stage (HH) 16-18 embryos, producing a wide range of cardiac output. For the next approximately 48 h (to HH 24), we measured heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO), as well as these growth indicators: eye diameter, chorioallantoic vessel density, and body mass. Acutely, HR declined with partial ligation (from 108 to 98 beats/min). Paradoxically, SV and CO decreased sharply in most embryos but increased in others, collectively producing the desired large variation (up to 25-fold) in CO and permitting assessment of tissue growth over a very large range of blood perfusion. Eye diameter doubled (from 0.6 to 1.2 mm) with development from HH 16 to HH 24, but within a developmental cohort there was no significant correlation between eye diameter and CO over a 25-fold range of CO. Similarly, chorioallantoic membrane vessel index was independent of CO over the CO range at all stages. Finally, body mass increase during development was not significantly affected by partial conal truncal ligation. Collectively, these data suggest that normal eye and vessel growth and body mass accumulation occur independent of their rate of blood perfusion, supporting the hypothesis of prosynchronotropy-that the heart begins to beat and generate blood flow in advance of the actual need for convective blood flow to tissues.

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Chick embryo survival under acute carbon monoxide challenges

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Mechanotransduction in embryonic vascular development

Mechanotransduction in embryonic vascular development

Vascular remodeling of the mouse yolk sac requires hemodynamic force

Body, eye, and chorioallantoic vessel growth are not dependent on cardiac output level in day 3–4 chicken embryos

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