Chiari-Like Malformation in Dogs

Marino, Dominic J.; Dewey, Curtis W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44862-2_46

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…One hundred twenty-one consecutive client-owned CKCS from 2006 to 2016 with CM and SM confirmed by whole body MRI that underwent FMD with cranioplasty and durectomy ( 41 ) were included in the study. Dogs were diagnosed with CM if both of the following criteria were evident on midsagittal MRI: the caudal aspect of the cerebellum was compressed by the occipital bone and there was elimination of the dorsal subarachnoid space at the craniocervical junction ( 42 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopsy and histologic findings of the dura mater at the level of the foramen magnum in 121 CKCS with Chiari-like malformation

Holdsworth¹,

Marino²,

Loughin³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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To describe histopathologic features found in dural biopsies of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with Chiari-like malformation (CM) and identify any associations between age, duration of clinical signs, syrinx location or syringomyelia (SM, and quality of life (QOL). The medical records of 121 consecutive client owned CKCS with CM and SM, confirmed by whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), that underwent foramen magnum decompression (FMD) with cranioplasty and durectomy with biopsy from 2006 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Dural biopsies were submitted to a board-certified veterinary pathologist for histopathologic interpretation. The chi-square test was used to analyze associations between histologic findings and categorical variables. For continuous measures, the Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric test was used to compare distributions across pathology categories. A result was considered statistically significant at the p < 0.05 level of significance. The mean age, duration of pre-surgical clinical signs, and pre-operative QOL (1–5 scale) were 44.27 months, 44.78 weeks, and 2.72, respectively. Syringomyelia was found in the cervical region only in 39 of 121 (32.23%) of dogs, in the cervical and thoracic region only in 17 of 121 (14.05%) of dogs, and in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar region combined in 65 of 121 (53.72%) of dogs. Sixty-six of one hundred twenty-one (54.55%) dural biopsy specimens had histopathology changes; fifty-five (45.45%) did not. Forty-three of one hundred twenty-one (35.54%) dural biopsy specimens had osseous metaplasia, 16 of 121 (13.22%) had evidence of fibrosis, 4 of 121 (3.31%) had arachnoid hyperplasia, and 3 of 121 (2.48%) had evidence of mineralization. Most dogs with CM were found to have histopathologic changes in the dura at the time of FMD cranioplasty was performed. These dural changes can be observed in dogs experiencing clinical signs for a time period as short as 4 weeks prior to presentation. The histopathologic changes were not associated with age, breed, duration of clinical signs, the location of syringomyelia or QOL. The influence of histopathologic changes on long-term prognosis in dogs without dural decompression is unknown since all dogs in this study had dural resection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopsy and histologic findings of the dura mater at the level of the foramen magnum in 121 CKCS with Chiari-like malformation

Holdsworth¹,

Marino²,

Loughin³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…A unique opportunity in the understanding of human CM1 has been the detection of an analog of human CM1 in small-breed dogs (Cavalier King Charles spaniel, Griffon Bruxellois, Yorkshire terriers, etc. ), which has been named 'Chiari-like malformation' [85][86][87].…”

Section: Chiari-like Malformations In the Cavalier King Charles Spani...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Update of the Classification of Chiari and Chiari-like Malformations

Sahuquillo,

Moncho,

Ferré

et al. 2023

JCM

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Chiari malformations are a group of craniovertebral junction anomalies characterized by the herniation of cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum, often accompanied by brainstem descent. The existing classification systems for Chiari malformations have expanded from the original four categories to nine, leading to debates about the need for a more descriptive and etiopathogenic terminology. This review aims to examine the various classification approaches employed and proposes a simplified scheme to differentiate between different types of tonsillar herniations. Furthermore, it explores the most appropriate terminology for acquired herniation of cerebellar tonsils and other secondary Chiari-like malformations. Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have revealed a higher prevalence and incidence of Chiari malformation Type 1 (CM1) and identified similar cerebellar herniations in individuals unrelated to the classic phenotypes described by Chiari. As we reassess the existing classifications, it becomes crucial to establish a terminology that accurately reflects the diverse presentations and underlying causes of these conditions. This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion by offering insights into the evolving understanding of Chiari malformations and proposing a simplified classification and terminology system to enhance diagnosis and management.

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“…Najčešće se javlja kod malih i kod brahicefaličnih pasmina pasa (kavalirskog španijela kralja Charlesa, njemačkog špica, patuljastih pudli, čivava, francuskih buldoga, mopsova, briselskih grifona) (Dewey i Costa, 2016.). Većina pasa s CLM-om počinje pokazivati kliničke simptome u rasponu od 3. do 6. godine života (Carnes, 2019. ).…”

Section: Sažetakunclassified

“…Nema dovoljno istraživanja u veterinarskoj medicini o utjecaju amantadina na neuropatsku bol, ali smatra se da u kombinaciji s opiodima, nesteroidnim protuupalnim Tabela 1. Najčešći lijekovi koji se koriste kod CLM-a (Carnes, 2019 Kortikosteroidi su učinkovitiji jer inhibiraju COX-2 i fosfolipazu A2 što sprječava otpuštanje medijatora upale te utječe na smanjenje proizvodnje likvora, no obzirom na nuspojave, preporuča ih se koristiti samo ukoliko pacijent ne reagira na druge lijekove (Rushbridge i sur., 2000.). Prema Rushbridge (2018.)…”

Section: Malformacija Kaudalne Okcipitalne Kostiunclassified

Chiari like malformation

Pongrac,

Raić,

Ečimović

et al. 2023

Vet. stn. (Online)

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Chiari like“ malformacija (CLM) je prirođena anomalija lubanje koja može rezultirati hernijacijom maloga mozga kroz foramen magnum. Kao posljedica CLM-a javlja se siringomijelija koju obilježavaju novonastale šupljine u leđnoj moždini. „Chiari like malformacija“ najčešće se javlja kod kavalirskog španijela kralja Charlesa u dobi od 3. do 6. godine života, a manifestira se kliničkim znakovima od strane živčanog sustava od kojih je najčešći neuropatska bol. Za postavljanje definitivne dijagnoze potrebna je magnetska rezonanca (MR). Uvijek se prvo pristupa konzervativnom liječenju, a ukoliko konzervativno liječenje ne poluči učinak ili kada se klinički simptomi pogoršaju preporuča se kirurško liječenje. Konzervativna terapija najčešće uključuje lijekove koji smanjuju neuropatsku bol.

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Chiari-Like Malformation in Dogs

Cited by 3 publications

References 78 publications

Biopsy and histologic findings of the dura mater at the level of the foramen magnum in 121 CKCS with Chiari-like malformation

Biopsy and histologic findings of the dura mater at the level of the foramen magnum in 121 CKCS with Chiari-like malformation

A Critical Update of the Classification of Chiari and Chiari-like Malformations

Chiari like malformation

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