Chevauchement entre les trajectoires de jeu et les trajectoires de consommation de psychotropes au début de l’adolescence : une étude longitudinale génétiquement informative

Abstract

L’objectif de cette étude est triple : 1- déterminer le nombre, la forme et le degré de chevauchement des trajectoires types de participation à des jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA) et de consommation de substances psychotropes (SUP) chez un échantillon de jumeaux au début de l’adolescence ; 2- vérifier les ressemblances et les différences au niveau de l’architecture génétique et environnementale des trajectoires de JHA et de SUP ; 3- déterminer la présence de facteurs de risque associés de manière prédictive aux trajectoires simples ou mixtes de JHA et de SUP. L’échantillon final est composé de 213 (122 paires monozygotes et 91 paires dizygotes de même sexe) paires de jumeaux élevés au sein de la même famille. Les données relatives aux JHA et aux SUP ont été recueillies à 13, 14 et 15 ans à l’aide d’instruments de mesure autoadministrés. Les données relatives aux facteurs de risque touchent un facteur d’ordre personnel (c.-à-d., impulsivité) et des facteurs d’ordre familial mesurés à la préadolescence. Des analyses de trajectoires ont permis de dégager deux trajectoires de participation aux JHA et deux trajectoires de consommation de SUP. Des analyses génétiquement informatives ont permis, par ailleurs, de montrer que les trajectoires de participation à des JHA et de consommation de SUP sont majoritairement sous contrôle génétique. Finalement, des analyses de régression ont révélé des différences au plan des variables associées de façon prédictive aux trajectoires simples ou mixtes de JHA et de SUP. Ces résultats sont abordés à la lumière des changements dans le DSM-V qui établissent un rapprochement entre les problèmes de JHA et les problèmes de SUP.This study has a triple objective : 1- To determine the number, form and degree of overlap of typical trajectories of participation in gambling and the consumption of psychotropic substances among a sampling of twins at the beginning of adolescence ; 2- To verify the similarities and differences in regard to the genetic and environmental architecture of the gambling and psychotropic substance consumption trajectories ; 3- To determine the risk factors associated, in a predictive manner, with single or mixed trajectories of gambling and drug consumption. The final sampling was composed of 213 pairs of twins (122 monozygotic pairs and 91 dizigotic pairs of the same sex) raised in the same family. The data concerning gambling and drug consumption was gathered at the ages of 13, 14 and 15 years using self-administered measurement tools. The data concerning risk factors affected personal factors (that is, impulsiveness) and family factors measured at pre-adolescence. Analysis of the trajectories indicated two trajectories concerning participation in gambling and two concerning consumption of psychotropic substances. Genetically informative analyses also demonstrated that the trajectories concerning participation in gambling and consumption of psychotropic substances are mainly controlled by genetics. Lastly, analyses of regression revealed differences in the variables ass...

Who are the young poker players? A latent class analysis of high school teenagers.

“…Sanscartier, Jiang, & Keough, 2019). For example, using trajectory analysis with samples of participants from early to mid and late adolescence, results of studies from Vitaro et al (2004), Dussault et al (2013), andBilevicius et al (2019) identified two and three pathways of gambling participation with, in all research, the presence of a chronic high group. In line with the pathway model proposed by Blaszczynski and Nower (2002), results from another recent study (Allami et al, 2017) showed that adolescent gamblers can be distinguished in subgroups based on various indicators, such as impulsivity, depression, and drug/alcohol consumption.…”

“…A consistent limitation of all these studies is that they all treated gambling as a homogeneous phenomenon, without considering the (potential) presence of distinctive subgroups based on their level of risk or gambling activity. From this perspective, results from some studies suggest that gambling among adolescents is not a homogeneous phenomenon and that some subgroups can be distinguished in terms of frequency of participation (Dussault et al, 2013; Vitaro, Wanner, Ladouceur, Brendgen, & Tremblay, 2004), variety of gambling activities (Carbonneau, Vitaro, Brendgen, & Tremblay, 2015), severity of gambling problems (Carbonneau et al, 2015; Dussault et al, 2016), and the presence of co-occurring problematic conditions (Allami et al, 2017; Bilevicius, Edgerton, Sanscartier, Jiang, & Keough, 2019). For example, using trajectory analysis with samples of participants from early to mid and late adolescence, results of studies from Vitaro et al (2004), Dussault et al (2013), and Bilevicius et al (2019) identified two and three pathways of gambling participation with, in all research, the presence of a chronic high group.…”

“…From this perspective, results from some studies suggest that gambling among adolescents is not a homogeneous phenomenon and that some subgroups can be distinguished in terms of frequency of participation (Dussault et al, 2013; Vitaro, Wanner, Ladouceur, Brendgen, & Tremblay, 2004), variety of gambling activities (Carbonneau, Vitaro, Brendgen, & Tremblay, 2015), severity of gambling problems (Carbonneau et al, 2015; Dussault et al, 2016), and the presence of co-occurring problematic conditions (Allami et al, 2017; Bilevicius, Edgerton, Sanscartier, Jiang, & Keough, 2019). For example, using trajectory analysis with samples of participants from early to mid and late adolescence, results of studies from Vitaro et al (2004), Dussault et al (2013), and Bilevicius et al (2019) identified two and three pathways of gambling participation with, in all research, the presence of a chronic high group. In line with the pathway model proposed by Blaszczynski and Nower (2002), results from another recent study (Allami et al, 2017) showed that adolescent gamblers can be distinguished in subgroups based on various indicators, such as impulsivity, depression, and drug/alcohol consumption.…”