Chest Physiotherapy for Mechanically Ventilated Children: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The aim of this study was to appraise and summarize the effects of chest physiotherapy in mechanically ventilated children. A systematic review was completed by searching Medline, Embase, Cinahl Plus, PEDro, and Web of Science from inception to February 9, 2021. Studies investigating chest physiotherapy for mechanically ventilated children (0–18 years), in a pediatric intensive care unit were included. Chest physiotherapy was defined as any intervention performed by a qualified physiotherapist. Measurements of effectiveness and safety were included. Exclusion criteria included preterm infants, children requiring noninvasive ventilation, and those in a nonacute setting. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria: two randomized controlled trials, three randomized crossover trials, and eight observational studies. The Cochrane risk of bias and the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tools were used for quality assessment. Oxygen saturations decreased after physiotherapy involving manual hyperinflations (MHI) and chest wall vibrations (CWV). Although statistically significant, these results were not of clinical importance. In contrast, oxygen saturations improved after the expiratory flow increase technique; however, this was not clinically significant. An increase in expiratory tidal volume was demonstrated 30 minutes after MHI and CWV. There was no sustained change in tidal volume following a physiotherapy-led recruitment maneuver. Respiratory compliance and dead-space increased immediately after MHI and CWV. Atelectasis scores improved following intrapulmonary percussive ventilation, and MHI and CWV. Evidence to support chest physiotherapy in ventilated children remains inconclusive. There are few high-quality studies, with heterogeneity in interventions and populations. Future studies are required to investigate multiple physiotherapy interventions and the impact on long-term outcomes.

Enhancing pulmonary function and arterial blood gas readings through immediate chest physiotherapy among extubated patients in ICU

“…1 Studies have also found that ICPT can lower the incidence of pneumonia and lead to a shorter stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). [2][3][4][5] It is important to prevent extubation failure following a critical illness, as reintubation is associated with worse outcomes, longer hospitalization and higher rates of tracheotomies. 6,7 Severe deterioration, prolonged immobility and long-term mechanical ventilation are major risk factors for respiratory complications and muscle weakness in critically ill patients.…”

“… 1 Studies have also found that ICPT can lower the incidence of pneumonia and lead to a shorter stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). 2 – 5 It is important to prevent extubation failure following a critical illness, as reintubation is associated with worse outcomes, longer hospitalization and higher rates of tracheotomies. 6 , 7 …”