Cheongsangbangpung-tang ameliorated the acute inflammatory response via the inhibition of NF-κB activation and MAPK phosphorylation

Jiang

J of Separation Science

et al. 2019

Berberine alkaloids, a group of protoberberine alkaloids under the classification of isoquinoline alkaloids, include berberine, coptisine, palmatine, columbamine, dehydrocorydaline, jatrorrhizine, and epiberberine from natural sources. Studies have shown that berberine alkaloids have various pharmacological functions, such as antibacterial, antiviral, blood pressure‐lowering, hypoglycaemic, antiarrhythmia, and anticancer effects. Therefore, it is worthwhile to develop analytical methods to investigate the pharmacokinetics and activity mechanisms of berberine alkaloids and to study berberine alkaloids more comprehensively. Current analytical methods for berberine alkaloids include liquid chromatography, thin‐layer chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis, and gas chromatography. The most widely used detection method is mass spectrometry. In order to provide a systematic and comprehensive summary and to serve as a reference for the future pharmacokinetics studies and analysis of berberine alkaloids, analytical methods for natural berberine alkaloids that have been used in the past ten years are reviewed here.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A review on analytical methods for natural berberine alkaloids

Jiang

J of Separation Science

et al. 2019

BMC Complement Altern Med

“…Inflammation is an important immune response for defending against harmful stimuli, such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi [ 1 , 2 ]. Once infected with a pathogen, the skin and mucosal surfaces serve as primary physical barriers in the immune response that maintains homeostasis [ 3 ]. However, excessive inflammation is a key player in the development of multiple diseases, including cancer, diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cardiovascular diseases [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammation is tightly regulated by signals that initiate, maintain, or inhibit the inflammatory process [ 5 , 6 ]. Inflammation has diverse triggers, including infection, physical and chemical injuries, ischemia, and excessive immune response [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is expected that a combination of P . sidoides (PS) and C. chinensis root (CR) would have anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo because it has traditionally been used to reduce fevers [ 3 , 20 ]. However, the mechanisms underpinning the anti-inflammatory activities of the PS and CR mixture (PS + CR) have not yet been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Combination of Pelargonium sidoides and Coptis chinensis root inhibits nuclear factor kappa B-mediated inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo

Park

Min

Jung

et al. 2018

Self Cite

BackgroundPelargonium sidoides (PS) and Coptis chinensis root (CR) have traditionally been used to treat various diseases, including respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, dysmenorrhea, and hepatic disorders. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of a combination of PS and CR in vitro and in vivo.MethodsThe in vitro effects of PS + CR on the induction of inflammation-related proteins were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and of inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured using the Griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, respectively. The expression of inflammation-related proteins was confirmed by Western blot. Additionally, the effects of PS + CR on paw edema volume, skin thickness, and numbers of infiltrated inflammatory cells, mast cells, COX-2-, iNOS-, and TNF-α-immunoreactive cells in dorsum and ventrum pedis skin were evaluated in a rat model of carrageenan (CA)-induced paw edema.ResultsPS + CR significantly reduced production of NO, PGE2 and three pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) and also decreased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Treatment with PS + CR significantly reduced the protein expression levels of LPS-stimulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphorylated inhibitor of NF-κB (p-I-κBα). Additionally, PS + CR significantly inhibited the increases in paw swelling, skin thickness, infiltrated inflammatory cells, mast cell degranulation, COX-2-, iNOS-, and TNF-α-immunoreactive cells in the rat model of CA-induced acute edematous paw.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that PS + CR exhibits anti-inflammatory properties through decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), suppressing NF-κB signaling in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, the results of the CA-induced rat paw edema assay revealed an anti-edema effect of PS + CR. Furthermore, it is suggested that PS + CR also inhibits acute edematous inflammation by suppressing mast cell degranulation and inflammatory mediators (COX-2, iNOS, and TNF-α). Thus, PS + CR may be a potential candidate for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, and it may also contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammatory response regulation.

“…The NF-κB signaling pathway plays a vital role during the process of inflammation and can be activated by MyD88 in response to the LPS stimulus [30]. The phosphorylation and ubiquitylation of IκBα can promote the release and translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus, triggering the secretion of multiple inflammatory cytokines [31]. STAT3 is another important transcription factor in inflammation that can be activated by LPS and then translocate into the nucleus to regulate specific genes [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Bufadienolides from Toad Venom Identifies Gammabufotalin as a Potential Anti-inflammatory Agent

et al. 2020

Toad venom (Chansu) is used in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases in China and East/Southeast Asian countries. However, the anti-inflammatory components of toad venom have not yet been systematically evaluated and clearly defined. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of toad venom and identify new anti-inflammatory ingredients, we used zebrafish, an alternative drug screening model, to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of 14 bufadienolides previously isolated from toad venom. Most of the bufadienolides were found to exert significant anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-, CuSO4-, or tail transection-induced zebrafish inflammatory models. Moreover, gammabufotalin ( 6) inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by suppressing the myeloid differentiation primary response 88/nuclear factor-kappa B and STAT3 signal pathways. This study confirms the potential of zebrafish in drug screening, clarifies the anti-inflammatory effects of bufadienolides from toad venom, and indicates that gammabufotalin may be developed as a novel therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases in the future.