Chemotypic variation of non-volatile constituents of Artemisia afra (African wormwood) from South Africa

Sotenjwa, V. Zimkhitha; Chen, Weiyang; Veale, Clinton G. L.; Anokwuru, Chinedu P.; Tankeu, Sidonie; Combrinck, Sandra; Kamatou, Guy; Viljoen, Alvaro

doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104740

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Once again, it indicates that phytochemical variation has an intricate link to a multitude of short-, medium-and long-term environmental stressors.The conclusion is that the intra-plant phytochemical composition of A. afra fluctuates dramatically over a 1-year period, as well as between plants from different geographical regions. This corresponds well with Sotenjwa et al23 and highlights the importance of quality control in herbal medicine. It is evident that A. afra produces the highest yields when commercially cultivated, and this needs consideration to ensure consistency when formulated for medicinal uses.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Geographical and seasonal phytochemical variation of Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd

Olivier

Kooy

Gerber

2022

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction: Artemisia afra Jacq. ex. Willd. (Asteraceae) is a popular traditional medicine in South Africa, mainly used in the form of an infusion, for the treatment of respiratory ailments. Quality control methods are limited and phytochemical variation for the infusion is not well known.Objective: To develop a sensitive quality control method for A. afra infusions by validating a liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method and quantitatively comparing six marker compounds in A. afra samples collected from different locations and over a 12-month period.Material and methods: There was a multiple reaction monitoring method optimised and validated, according to ICH and FDA guidelines, to quantify the chemical markers present in infusions. Results:The chemistry differed significantly and interestingly, with an interchangeable trend between chlorogenic acid (CGA) and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (DCQA) observed in the samples collected monthly, elevated levels of CGA during winter and elevated levels of DCQA during summer. The remaining four markers showed a steady decrease as winter approached and a steady increase as summer approached.The ranges of the six markers were the following: CGA (0.68-14.68 μg/mg), DCQA (0.005-8.110 μg/mg), quercetin (0.01-0.65 μg/mg), luteolin (0.05-1.30 ng/mg), scopoletin (0.10-1.14 μg/mg), scopolin (0.03-1.21 μg/mg).Conclusions: A sensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed, validated, and used to quantify six marker compounds. The results indicated a large degree of phytochemical variation occurred across all samples tested, which highlights the importance of producing herbal medicine under controlled conditions and the necessity of analytical quality control methods.

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Geographical and seasonal phytochemical variation of Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd

Olivier

Kooy

Gerber

2022

Phytochemical Analysis

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“…A. afra also contains an important component of chlorogenic acids. 17,53 These A. afra metabolites could thus be present in aqueous infusions of A. afra, similarly to those of A. annua . Most flavonoids and chlorogenic acids from both Artemisia species exert significant inhibition on blood-stages Plasmodium parasites, with activities ranging between low and high micromolar.…”

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Artemisinin-independent inhibitory activity ofArtemisiasp. infusions against differentPlasmodiumstages including relapse-causing hypnozoites

Ashraf

Tajeri

Arnold

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) are the frontline treatments against malaria worldwide. Recently the use of traditional infusions from Artemisia annua (from which artemisinin is obtained) or A. afra (lacking artemisinin) has been controversially advocated. Such unregulated plant-based remedies are strongly discouraged as they might constitute sub-optimal therapies and promote drug resistance. Here, we conducted the first comparative study of the anti-malarial effects of both plant infusions in vitro against the asexual erythrocytic stages of P. falciparum and the pre-erythrocytic (i. e., liver) stages of various Plasmodium species. Low concentrations of either infusion accounted for significant inhibitory activities across every parasite species and stage studied. We show that these antiplasmodial effects were essentially artemisinin-independent and were additionally monitored by observations of the parasite apicoplast and mitochondrion. In particular, the infusions significantly incapacitated sporozoites, and for P. vivax and P. cynomolgi, disrupted the hypnozoites. This provides the first indication that compounds other than 8- aminoquinolines could be effective antimalarials against relapsing parasites. These observations advocate for further screening to uncover urgently needed novel antimalarial lead compounds.

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“…Several researchers have investigated the quality of medicinal plants [ 93 ] in South African by using analytical quality control techniques such as NMR, HPTLC [ 94 ], UHPLC-MS [ 95 , 96 ], HPLC [ 97 ] and GC-MS [ 98 ]. There is a need to focus on new technological advances such as metabolomics high-throughput quantification to detect low molecular weight compounds.…”

Section: Biological and Pharmaceutical Properties Of Sceletium Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Chewable Cure “Kanna”: Biological and Pharmaceutical Properties of Sceletium tortuosum

et al. 2021

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Sceletium tortuosum (L.) N.E.Br. (Mesembryanthemaceae), commonly known as kanna or kougoed, is an effective indigenous medicinal plant in South Africa, specifically to the native San and Khoikhoi tribes. Today, the plant has gained strong global attraction and reputation due to its capabilities to promote a sense of well-being by relieving stress with calming effects. Historically, the plant was used by native San hunter-gatherers and Khoi people to quench their thirst, fight fatigue and for healing, social, and spiritual purposes. Various studies have revealed that extracts of the plant have numerous biological properties and isolated alkaloids of Sceletium tortuosum are currently being used as dietary supplements for medicinal purposes and food. Furthermore, current research has focused on the commercialization of the plant because of its treatment in clinical anxiety and depression, psychological and psychiatric disorders, improving mood, promoting relaxation and happiness. In addition, several studies have focused on the isolation and characterization of various beneficial bioactive compounds including alkaloids from the Sceletium tortuosum plant. Sceletium was reviewed more than a decade ago and new evidence has been published since 2008, substantiating an update on this South African botanical asset. Thus, this review provides an extensive overview of the biological and pharmaceutical properties of Sceletium tortuosum as well as the bioactive compounds with an emphasis on antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antidepressant, anxiolytic, and other significant biological effects. There is a need to critically evaluate the bioactivities and responsible bioactive compounds, which might assist in reinforcing and confirming the significant role of kanna in the promotion of healthy well-being in these stressful times.

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Chemotypic variation of non-volatile constituents of Artemisia afra (African wormwood) from South Africa

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Geographical and seasonal phytochemical variation of Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd

Geographical and seasonal phytochemical variation of Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd

Artemisinin-independent inhibitory activity ofArtemisiasp. infusions against differentPlasmodiumstages including relapse-causing hypnozoites

A Chewable Cure “Kanna”: Biological and Pharmaceutical Properties of Sceletium tortuosum

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