Chemotype of tansy (<i>Tanacetum vulgare</i>L.) determines aphid genotype and its associated predator system

Benedek, Klára; Bálint, János; Salamon, R. V.; Kovács, Erika; Ábrahám, Beáta; Fazakas, Csaba; Loxdale, Hugh D.; Balog, Adalbert

doi:10.1111/bij.12445

Cited by 26 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Previous reports assessed tansy chemotypes by using essential oil analysis37, analysing only a subset of potential compounds27, or by performing the analysis of terpenes after air-drying of the samples28. Therefore the literature information is incomplete, and further, due to the possible loss of compounds either by dilution or inappropriate extraction of volatile compounds, the interpretation of the chemotypic importance of tansy in plant-insect interactions is difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies show that minor compounds can also have significant effects on plant-insect interactions3839, thus rather than assigning chemotype by the most dominant compounds within the blend, we clustered plants into four classes based on compound concentration40. We included all detected compounds rather than limiting the analyses to only the few dominant compounds found in the profile, as has been previously described27, to assess the effects of the whole chemical profile rather than giving undue weight to dominant compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aphids interact with their tending ant species, with other specialised tansy aphid species and the myriad of natural enemies to form a metacommunity. Previous work242728 has shown that tansy chemotypes dominated by camphor, β-thujone, artemisia ketone and borneol can influence the community of associated invertebrates1829. However, many of these studies classified the plants into chemotypes based on the dominant terpenes, yet often it is the whole ‘blend’ of a plant’s emitted terpenes that has been found to influence plant-insect interactions30.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Chemotypic variation in terpenes emitted from storage pools influences early aphid colonisation on tansy

Clancy

Zytynska

Senft

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

122

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Tansy plants (Tanacetum vulgare L.) exhibit high chemical variation, particularly in mono- and sesquiterpenes that are stored in specialised glands on the plant surface. In the present work we investigated the effects of terpene chemotypes on Metopeurum fuscoviride, an aphid species specialised on tansy, and their tending ants, at the field scale. Previous studies have chemotyped tansy by assessing dominant compounds; here we propose a method of chemotyping using all volatile compounds that are likely emitted from the storage glands. The analysis is based on two extraction methods: GC-MS analysis of leaf hexane extracts and SBSE analysis of headspace emissions. In an initial screening we identified the subset of compounds present in both chemical patterns, labelled as ‘compounds likely emitted from storage’. In a large field survey we could show that the putative chemotypic emission pattern from storage pools significantly affected the early aphid colonisation of tansy. Moreover, the statistical analyses revealed that minor compounds exerted a stronger influence on aphid and tending-ant presence than dominant compounds. Overall we demonstrated that within the enormous chemotypic variation of terpenes in tansy plants, chemical signatures of volatile terpenes can be related to the occurrence of insects on individual plants in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemotypic variation in terpenes emitted from storage pools influences early aphid colonisation on tansy

Clancy

Zytynska

Senft

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

122

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“…However, the aphids seem to show extremely fine‐grained specialism in terms of the secondary antifeedant compounds (terpenes and terpenoids) present in the phloem of the host plant. Thus, different levels of genetic similarity, determined using microsatellites, were seen in the different aphid colonies infesting plant ‘chemotypes’ with different proportions of the various antifeedant compounds (Benedek et al ., ). As the authors posit: ‘Accordingly, it is possible that host plant‐adapted species can create much context‐dependency in the nature and strength of predation effects, which may in turn alter costs and benefits of host plant chemical differentiations, or even the prey genotype variations.’ This may be a critical reason why parasitoids like L. hirticornis do not manage to extirpate all the aphid colonies locally within the metapopulation.…”

Section: Specialisms Shown By Three Specific Categories Of Insectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The ‘generalism’ debate: misinterpreting the term in the empirical literature focusing on dietary breadth in insects

Loxdale

Harvey

2016

Biol. J. Linn. Soc.

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We here attempt to show, using three broad insect groups -Lepidoptera (mainly leaf-chewing larval herbivores and nectar-sucking adults), parasitic Hymenoptera (mainly endoparasitoids, especially of other insects) and aphids (sap-sucking plant parasites)how the terms 'generalist', usually equated with levels of phagy (oligoand polyphagy), and 'specialist' (monophagy), still in widespread parlance, have often been misrepresented. Probably, the reality of generalism, be that herbivorous, predatory and parasitic, can only be demonstrated by detailed empirical field observations plus the use of high-resolution molecular (DNA) markers, including sequencing, and thereby determining whether the organism in question is really a homogeneous species population over a wide geographical range, or rather comprises a series of morphologically similar/identical cryptic, host-adapted specialist populations. In the case of insects, the largest group of terrestrial animals on the planet, even if it can be shown that certain species are indeed polyphagous and feed on a variety of plant hosts (herbivores) or prey species (predators and parasitoids), nevertheless, the range of these food items may be highly selective and restricted, depending on morphological-genetical (biochemical/chemical)-behavioural constraints. In the end, while some animals appear to be generalist, this situation may well be illusory. Our present recognition of the term is at best inappropriate, and at worse, inaccurate, as we demonstrate in the examples given, mostly insects. In the meantime, we suggest that the terms used should be re-defined as four broad classes of specialism-generalism, although the apparent 'generalism' is itself conditional on proof following further empirical analyses.

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“…The changes in herbivores and pollinators might in turn affect their predators (Benedek et al . ). Using different seed origins may thus have cascading effects on other ecosystem components (Keller, Kollmann & Edwards ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetic differentiation and regional adaptation among seed origins used for grassland restoration: lessons from a multispecies transplant experiment

Bucharová

Michalski

Hermann

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

109

119

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1. One of the key questions in ecosystem restoration is the choice of seed material for restoring plant communities. More and more scientists and practitioners are currently advocating the use of regional seed sources, based on the argument that plants are often adapted to local or regional environmental conditions, and thus, regional seed sources should provide the best restoration success. However, there is still substantial debate about this approach, partly because of a lack of solid empirical data. 2. We conducted a multispecies transplant experiment in which we compared the performance of eight seed origins of seven plant species frequently used in grassland restoration in four common gardens across Germany. 3. We found that, on average, plants of regional origins produced 10% more inflorescences and 7% more biomass than those of foreign origins. There were substantial differences among species in the strength of these effects, but in the majority of the study species fitness decreased with increasing geographical distance of seed origins or with increasing climatic differences between plant origins and experimental sites. 4. In addition to these effects on plant fitness, increasing geographical or climatic distances of origin were often also correlated with increasing differences in plant phenology. Since phenology is important for biotic interactions, especially with pollinators and seed predators, using foreign seed sources may have cascading effects on local ecosystems. 5. Synthesis and applications. Genetic differentiation is widespread in grassland species and often shows the patterns of regional adaptation. Our study thus supports the use of regional seed sources in restoration. Moreover, using non-regional seed sources in grassland restoration may not only decrease the performance of plants, but it will likely also affect their biotic interactions.

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Chemotype of tansy (Tanacetum vulgareL.) determines aphid genotype and its associated predator system

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

Chemotypic variation in terpenes emitted from storage pools influences early aphid colonisation on tansy

Chemotypic variation in terpenes emitted from storage pools influences early aphid colonisation on tansy

The ‘generalism’ debate: misinterpreting the term in the empirical literature focusing on dietary breadth in insects

Genetic differentiation and regional adaptation among seed origins used for grassland restoration: lessons from a multispecies transplant experiment

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