Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis in Man

Janssens, P. G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69527-8_5

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 262 publications

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“…Theoretically, the production of unfertilized eggs could relate directly to the chance and/or the efficiency of the processes of mating and fertilization, which could be further associated with the sex ratio, burden and development of the parasite in the human host (Seo et al 1979 ;Janssens, 1985 ;Crompton, 1989 ;Jungersen et al 1997). In addition, worm burden and development could be linked to host factors, such as age, nutrition, immunity and/or behaviour (Jones, 1977 ;Palmer et al 1995 ;Cooper et al 2000 ;Crompton, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascaris egg profiles in human faeces: biological and epidemiological implications

2003

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Since 2 morphological forms (fertilized and unfertilized) of egg can be produced by Ascaris, infected humans can release in their faeces fertilized eggs only (FEO), unfertilized eggs only (UEO) or both fertilized and unfertilized eggs (FUE) (designated herein as the 3 different egg profiles). Epidemiologically, fertilized eggs are of significance as they enable effective transmission of the parasite. This study, for the first time, characterizes the Ascaris egg profiles in human faeces in an endemic region of China, explores possible host- and parasite-factors related to these profiles, and discusses the biological and epidemiological implications of the findings. The 3 egg profiles were recorded throughout the study period of 2 years, and the overall percentages of people with FEO, FUE and UEO profiles were approximately 41-47%, 32-42% and 17-21%, respectively. The overall number of unfertilized eggs for the entire population accounted for approximately 6-9% of all eggs excreted. The different Ascaris egg profiles showed no correlation to host gender, but they did relate to age and worm burden of the host and to the sex ratio and developmental status of the parasite. While an annual universal anthelmintic treatment resulted in some fluctuation in the values of individual egg profiles, the general features of these profiles remained similar throughout the study period. The findings of this study should have significant implications for understanding transmission patterns of Ascaris and for the implementation of control measures against ascariasis in endemic regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascaris egg profiles in human faeces: biological and epidemiological implications

2003

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“…It is only relatively recently that their in vitro antigiardial activities have been evaluated (6,22,28 Mebendazole, albendazole, and fenbendazole are commonly used drugs with broad spectra of activity against a range of different parasites which includes gastrointestinal nematodes, lung and other tissue nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes (16). The toxicities of these agents are low, and they cause few side effects, with only slight side effects reported in some individuals treated with these drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activities of several benzimidazoles and tubulin inhibitors against Giardia spp. in vitro

Morgan

Reynoldson

Thompson

1993

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that albendazole is effective against Giardia spp. in vitro and in vivo, prompting an investigation of the effects of several related benzimidazoles (BZs) on the viability of this protozoan parasite. A range of BZs was tested, and their effects were compared with those of a number of microtubule inhibitors. The effects produced by the two types of drugs were markedly similar, namely, trophozoite detachment and distortion of morphology and general structure, indicating a potential antimicrotubule mode of action for BZs. Mebendazole, albendazole, and fenbendazole proved to be among the most effective BZs tested, exhibiting apparent irreversibility. Nocodazole, oxfendazole, and albendazole sulfoxide, among others, produced transient inhibitions only. Further studies are required to evaluate all available BZs and other antigiardial agents to ensure the development of the most effective and safest antigiardial agent possible.

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“…Estimates of the world wide prevalence of common GI helminths worldwide are: Ascaris lumbricoides: 1,300,000,000 cases, hookworms (Ancylostoma duodena& and Necator americanus): 1,000,000,000, Trichuris trichiura: 750,000,000, Strongyloides stercoralis: 90,000,000 and Enterobius vermicularis: more than 500,000,000 (36). These figures should be considered rough estimates because they are derived from surveys that are generally unrepresentative, and in some surveys, multiple helminth infections are not taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnosis and figures for the less common helminths, such as Ternidens deminutus, Taenia spp, and Hymenolepis nana, are difficult to obtain. Currently there is an upsurge in interest in the epidemiology and control of GI helminth infections (1,13,15,36), which has probably been stimulated by the discovery of safe and effective anthelminthic drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The problem and control of gastrointestinal helminthiases in Zimbabwe

Chandiwana¹

1989

Eur J Epidemiol

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An overview of the problem of gastrointestinal (GI) helminthiases in Zimbabwe is given in terms of prevalence, distribution, clinical significance of individual parasites and their transmission patterns. Although data on these aspects are incomplete, the available information and the results of studies conducted elsewhere should assist in the planning and implementation of effective helminthiasis intervention strategies. Community-based integrated helminthiasis control measures that include mass chemotherapy, improved sanitation and health education are considered to be the most practical interventions and are being evaluated in Zimbabwe. This community-based approach is cost-effective, as most of the control measures are carried out on a self-help basis. Besides, local voluntary health committees provide consistent community-level surveillance to promote and motivate the population to join in the intervention measures that include improved sanitation and health education, aspects which have broader implications for improved health.

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Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis in Man

Cited by 14 publications

References 262 publications

Ascaris egg profiles in human faeces: biological and epidemiological implications

Ascaris egg profiles in human faeces: biological and epidemiological implications

Activities of several benzimidazoles and tubulin inhibitors against Giardia spp. in vitro

The problem and control of gastrointestinal helminthiases in Zimbabwe

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