Chemotherapy for prostate cancer: Clinical practice in Canada

Saad, Fred; Asselah, Jamil

doi:10.5489/cuaj.273

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Androgen activates androgen receptor (AR), which has an important role in the development, maturation and function of the prostate gland as well as the progression of prostate cancer (4). Thus, prostate cancer is initially treated by hormone manipulation, specifically androgen-ablative and anti-androgen therapy, to inhibit the development of metastasis (5). However, these treatments bear considerable cardiovascular side effects and most prostate cancers progress rapidly to become hormone resistant (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy milk digestion extract inhibits progression of prostate cancer cell growth via regulation of prostate cancer-specific antigen and cell cycle-regulatory genes in human LNCaP cancer cells

Kang

Shin

et al. 2016

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Soy milk, which is produced from whole soybeans, contains a variety of biologically active components. Isoflavones are a class of soy-derived phytoestrogens with beneficial effects, among which genistein (GEN) has been previously indicated to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. The present study evaluated the effects of soy milk digestion extract (SMD) on the progression of prostate cancer via the estrogen receptor (ER)β in human LNCaP prostate cancer cells. To evaluate the effects of SMD (daizein, 1.988 mg/100g, glycitein, 23.537 mg/100 g and GEN, 0.685 mg/100g) on cell proliferation, LNCaP cells were cultured in media containing vehicle (0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide), 17β‑estradiol (E2; 2.7x10‑7 mg/ml), GEN (2.7x10-2 mg/ml) of SMD (total aglycon concentration, 0.79 mg/ml), after which the cell viability was examined using an MTT assay. The cell viability was significantly elevated by E2 (by 45±0.18%), while it was markedly reduced by GEN (73.2±0.03%) or SMD (74.8±0.09%). Semi‑quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to assess the mRNA expression levels of target genes, including ERβ, prostate cancer‑specific antigen (PSA) and cell cycle regulators p21, Cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4. The expression of ERβ was almost completely diminished by E2, whereas it was significantly elevated by SMD. In addition, the expression levels of PSA were considerably reduced by SMD. The expression of p21 was significantly elevated by SMD, while it was markedly reduced by E2. Of note, the expression levels of Cyclin D1 and CDK4 were considerably elevated by E2, while being significantly reduced by GEN and SMD. All of these results indicated that SMD may inhibit the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells via regulating the expression of ERβ, PSA, p21, Cyclin D1 and CDK4 in an ER-dependent manner.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy milk digestion extract inhibits progression of prostate cancer cell growth via regulation of prostate cancer-specific antigen and cell cycle-regulatory genes in human LNCaP cancer cells

Kang

Shin

et al. 2016

Molecular Medicine Reports

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“…S5), 12 febrile neutropenia was more frequent with cabazitaxel (8%) than with mitoxantrone (1%) in the TROPIC trial, and neutropenic complications were the most frequent cause of death in the cabazitaxel arm (2% of recipients). 2 However, neutropenia-related deaths ceased once the investigators were reminded to follow the trial protocol to minimize the risk of febrile neutropenia, and only two treatment-related deaths (one each in the cabazitaxel and mitoxantrone arms) were recorded in the North American trial population.…”

Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal management of patients receiving cabazitaxel-based chemotherapy

Sperlich

Saad

2013

CUAJ

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The emergence of chemotherapy as a survival-improving treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has focused attention on the need for effective prevention and management of side effects. The most recent chemotherapeutic agent in this setting is cabazitaxel, licensed for use when the disease progresses on or after docetaxel-based treatment. Experience with cabazitaxel shows that, as with docetaxel, its side effects are largely predictable and manageable using methods that are already well-known to oncology teams. Patient education, clear instructions for when and how patients should seek advice, and properly implemented local policies on side effect management are essential to optimal patient care.

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“…7 In brief, TROPIC showed that cabazitaxel improved median overall survival (cabazitaxel, 15.1 months; mitoxantrone, 12.7 months; Fig. 1), and that the benefit applied to all subgroups analyzed (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-docetaxel options for further survival benefit in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Questions of choice

Asselah¹,

Sperlich²

2013

CUAJ

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There are currently two medical treatments approved in Canada that offer survival benefits for patients with metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer that progresses on or after docetaxel-based chemotherapy, and evidence is accumulating on the efficacy of further interventions in this setting. The current and emerging strategies are based on a variety of mechanisms (cytotoxicity, hormonal inhibition, radiopharmacy and immunotherapy) and there is nothing to suggest that patients will be unable to benefit from several or even all of these agents when used sequentially. Given the possibility of multiple lines of treatment for patients whose disease progresses on or after docetaxel, the challenge for clinicians will be to determine the optimum treatment pathway for each individual. That challenge is already being faced, albeit on a limited scale, now that both cabazitaxel (chemotherapy) and abiraterone (hormonal agent) are available for use post-docetaxel. IntroductionAs recently as the beginning of the 21st century, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) had a bleak prognosis. The available treatments, such as radiotherapy, boneseeking isotopes, bisphosphonates, chemotherapy, corticosteroids and analgesics, offered palliation of symptoms, but no improvement in survival. 1 In the past 8 years, the outlook has changed dramatically. First, the landmark TAX327 trial of docetaxel demonstrated that, contrary to previous experience, 2 mCRPC was responsive to chemotherapy in terms of patient survival.1 Then, in 2010, after 6 years with no treatment offering a survival benefit in the post-docetaxel setting, phase III data on cabazitaxel showed that patients could derive further survival benefit from second-line chemotherapy.3 In 2011, the hormonal agent abiraterone was also reported to improve survival in patients previously treated with docetaxel. 4 Both cabazitaxel and abiraterone are now approved for use in Canada for the treatment of mCRPC that has progressed during or after docetaxel-based chemotherapy. In addition, evidence is accumulating from trials of other agents, not yet approved in Canada, that offer a survival benefit in mCRPC.With these ongoing therapeutic developments, the multidisciplinary team caring for men with mCRPC has a growing choice of agents to use in the post-docetaxel setting. The recent and emerging treatments vary widely in their mode of action (cytotoxicity, hormonal inhibition, radiopharmacy, immunotherapy), and there is no suggestion, to date, that patients will be able to benefit from only one of the postdocetaxel options. Indeed, the possibility has been mooted of mCRPC entering an age of chronic-disease-style management, with an array of treatments, each improving the survival of the individual.5 Even with the choice narrowed to the two agents currently approved for use post-docetaxel, it is anticipated that patients will be able to derive a survival advantage from both cabazitaxel and abiraterone. 6 The key question for clinicians and their patients is: how ...

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Chemotherapy for prostate cancer: Clinical practice in Canada

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Soy milk digestion extract inhibits progression of prostate cancer cell growth via regulation of prostate cancer-specific antigen and cell cycle-regulatory genes in human LNCaP cancer cells

Soy milk digestion extract inhibits progression of prostate cancer cell growth via regulation of prostate cancer-specific antigen and cell cycle-regulatory genes in human LNCaP cancer cells

Optimal management of patients receiving cabazitaxel-based chemotherapy

Post-docetaxel options for further survival benefit in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Questions of choice

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