Chemotherapeutic Activities of Dietary Phytoestrogens against Prostate Cancer: From Observational to Clinical Studies

Abstract

Prostate cancer remains one of the most frequent and deadliest malignancies in males, where the rate of disease progression is closely associated with the type of dietary intake, specifically Western-style diet. Indeed intake of the Asian diet, which contains abundant phytoestrogens, is inversely correlated with a higher risk of prostate cancer, suggesting a chemoprotective effect of phytoestrogen against cancer progression. Although the role of phytoestrogens in cancer treatment was well documented, their impact on prostate cancer is not well understood. Therefore, the present review discusses the possible chemopreventive effect of phytoestrogens, emphasizing their efficacy at the different stages of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, phytoestrogens provide a cytoprotective effect in conventional chemotherapy and enhance chemosensitivity to tumor cells, which have also been discussed. This compilation provides a solid basis for future research on phytoestrogens as a promising avenue for anticancer drug development and also recommends these beneficiary compounds in the daily diet to manage and prevent prostate cancer.

Exploring the anti‐cancer potential of dietary phytochemicals for the patients with breast cancer: A comprehensive review

“…These natural agents can target several BC‐related pathways and provide protective activity against breast malignancies, which play a significant role in preventing and managing patients with BC 46,49 . Several individual studies exhibited phytochemicals had anti‐cancer property through several mechanisms 50–52 . However, a comprehensive summary on precise anti‐cancer mechanisms including apoptosis induction, cell cycle, and cell proliferation regulation, inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis, regulating hypoxia‐inducible factor, suppressed mammosphere formation, onco‐inflammation inhibition, controlling enzyme activity, signal transduction regulation, epigenetic and immune regulation have not been reported collectively.…”

Comprehensive exploration of Biochanin A as an oncotherapeutics potential in the treatment of multivarious cancers with molecular insights

“…The NCI began a screening trial for plant‐based anticancer drug development in 1960, and more than 50–70% of the anti‐cancer drugs are generated from natural compounds (Sak, 2022; Sohel et al, 2023). This is because plant‐based compounds with natural properties could be a safe and efficient treatment method for managing various types of human cancer (Sohel, Sultana, et al, 2022; Solowey et al, 2014). Although the choice between using phytochemicals for cancer prevention depends on various factors, including the specific disease, individual health goals, and available evidence; however, phytochemicals possess a wide range of therapeutic advantages like natural source, lower risk of side effects, lifestyle benefits, nutrient synergy, seasonal availability, and low cost (Monjotin et al, 2022).…”

“…Although the choice between using phytochemicals for cancer prevention depends on various factors, including the specific disease, individual health goals, and available evidence; however, phytochemicals possess a wide range of therapeutic advantages like natural source, lower risk of side effects, lifestyle benefits, nutrient synergy, seasonal availability, and low cost (Monjotin et al, 2022). There are numerous anticancer mechanisms in phytochemicals, including anti‐inflammatory (Sahin et al, 2021), antiproliferative (Biswas et al, 2022; Choudhari et al, 2020), arresting cell cycle (Singh et al, 2002; Sohel, Biswas, et al, 2022), apoptosis regulation (Patra et al, 2021; Sohel, Islam, et al, 2022), anti‐invasive (Orloff et al, 2016), antimetastatic (Choudhari et al, 2020; Morshed et al, 2023; Sohel, Sultana, et al, 2022), and antiangiogenic properties (Choudhari et al, 2020).…”

Unraveling the signaling mechanism behind astrocytoma and possible therapeutics strategies: A comprehensive review

“…Specifically, phytochemicals can influence cell growth and survival, metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and oncogene inactivation in a variety of in vitro and animal models 14–17 . Although the intrinsic signaling pathways targeted by phytochemicals in cancer treatment of cancer is still unknown, previous studies have shown that they can suppress both the STAT NF‐B, PIK/AKT, and MAPK signaling pathways and activate some genes that are responsible for tumor suppressor activity in a variety of cancer models 18 . Furthermore, some commonly used anti‐cancer medications, such as Taxol, resveratrol, vincristine, quercetin, vinblastine, tetrandrine, and arteannuin for multiple malignant tumors, are made from natural substances 19 .…”