Chemotaxonomy of Hawaiian Anthurium Cultivars Based on Multivariate Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites

Abstract

Thirty-six anthurium varieties, sampled from species and commercial cultivars, were extracted and profiled by liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Three hundred fifteen compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoid glycosides, and other phenolics, were detected from these extracts and used in chemotaxonomic analysis of the specimens. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed close chemical similarities between all the commercial standard cultivars, while tulip-shaped cultivars and species displayed much greater chemical variation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) supported the results from HCA and were used to identify key metabolites characteristic of standard and tulip cultivars and to identify chemical markers indicative of a particular ancestry. Discriminating metabolites included embinin, 4, which was characteristic of standard-shaped spathes and indicated ancestry from Anthurium andraeanum, while isocytisoside 7-glucoside, 7, was found in the majority of tulip-shaped cultivars and suggested that Anthurium amnicola or Anthurium antioquiense had contributed to their pedigree.

Expression Analysis of the Anthocyanin Genes in Pink Spathes of Anthurium with Different Color Intensities

“…Alternatively, the qualitative differences in color may be due to the effect of copigmentation. Flavones, which can exert a strong copigmentation effect with anthocyanins (Martens and Mith€ ofer, 2005), are produced in large amounts in the spathes of anthurium (Clark et al, 2012(Clark et al, , 2014Li et al, 2013). Avila-Rostant et al (2011) noted that lighter shades of pink accumulated a greater abundance of total flavonoids compared with the darker pink and red spathes.…”

Discrimination of Semen cassiae from two related species based on the multivariate analysis of high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprints

“…The fingerprint approaches rely on the inherent relationships between multiple compounds to display the chemical pattern of herbal sources, particularly for TCM from complex herbal sources [14]. Recently, fingerprint methods combined with multivariate analysis have been used to successfully classify and discriminate different complex herbal sources [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Although there have been many reports in which the quality of Semen cassiae was assessed by determining the contents of two or more compounds [21][22][23], literature on how to discriminate COS and CTS has been few.…”

“…The fingerprint approaches rely on the inherent relationships between multiple compounds to display the chemical pattern of herbal sources, particularly for TCM from complex herbal sources . Recently, fingerprint methods combined with multivariate analysis have been used to successfully classify and discriminate different complex herbal sources .…”

Genetic transformation and molecular research in Anthurium: progress and prospects

“…White spathes lack anthocyanins, but like their coloured counterparts, contain substantial levels of flavone 6-C-glycoside such as embinin and its derivatives (Iwata et al 1985;Clark et al 2012), while in green spathes, chlorophyll is the predominant pigment (Ehrenberger and Kuehnle 2003). Recently, peonidin 3-rutinoside (purple) has been discovered in red and pink spathes albeit at low concentrations (\1 % total anthocyanins in the red group and \10 % in pink spathes) (Li et al 2013a;Clark et al 2014). To date, dephinidins (blue) have not been detected in A. andraeanum.…”