Chemotaxonomic Studies in Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae). II. Flavonoids of C. aconitifolius, C. souzae, and C. spinosus

Abstract

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. American Society of Plant Taxonomists is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Systematic Botany. ABSTRACT.Eleven flavonoid compounds-one C-glycosyl flavone and ten flavonol glycosideswere isolated and identified from leaf material of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, C. souzae, and C. spinosus. The flavonol glycosides were the galactosides, glucosides, rhamnosides, and rhamnosylglucosides of quercetin and kaempferol, and two triglycosides of the latter flavonol. Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and C. spinosus exhibit considerable chemical variability. The flavonoid data support the inclusion in C. aconitifolius of C. aconitifolius subsp. polyanthus and C. aconitifolius subsp. aconitifolius cv. Chayamansa, "chaya," a plant of some economic importance. The data also suggest that these two taxa originated in the Yucatan region of Mexico.

Phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of Cnidoscolus chayamansa and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius: A review

“…The first report was by Kolterman et al (1984), in which the dry matter of C. aconitifolius was extracted in 70% methanol/30% water. Later, González-Laredo et al (2003) reported drying the leaves of C. chayamansa at 60°C for 6 h. These authors also performed a duplicate extraction with methanol and rotary evaporation at <40°C.…”

“…By this process, they determined the presence of lignin: 39.6 g/kg FM carried out according to AOAC methods (AOAC, 1980). Kolterman et al (1984) performed a methanolic extraction of C. aconitifolius leaf and analyzed it by gas-liquid chromatography, identifying glucosidic flavonols, such as galactosidated, glucosidized, rhamnosididated and rhamnosylglucosidates of quercetin and kaempferol, and two quercetin triglycosides. Gonzalez-Laredo et al (2003) performed methanolic extractions from the stem and leaf of C. chayamansa and analyzed them by nuclear magnetic resonance.…”

EkFLS overexpression promotes flavonoid accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance in plant

“…Euphorbia kansui Liou, a perennial herb of the genus Euphorbia , can synthesize many effective constituents including terpenes (diterpenes, triterpenes), steroids, and flavonoids (Li et al, 2010). It has been reported that the flavonoids in Euphorbia mainly include quercetin and kaempferol which are classified into flavonols (Furlan et al, 2015; Kolterman et al, 1984; Ying et al, 2009). In this study, EkFLS , a key enzyme in the synthesis of flavonols, was cloned from E. kansui , and then used for transgenic experiments in Arabidopsis.…”

Bioactive Metabolites from Cnidoscolus souzae and Acmella pilosa

“…To date there are no phytochemical reports on A. pilosa, a plant known as "tripa de gallina" in Yucatán, where the leaves of the plant are used as an anesthetic and to treat toothache [2,3], but phytochemical studies of A. brasilensis have resulted in the isolation of kaurenoic acid and luteolin [4]. Similarly, while the Cnidoscolus genus is known for containing vitamin C, β-carotene, coumarins, and flavonoids [5][6][7], there are no reports on the phytochemistry of C. souzae, an endemic plant to the Yucatán peninsula where it is known as "chaya silvestre" and where the leaves and root of the plant are used to treat rheumatism and inflammation [2,3]. Recently we reported the presence of both antioxidant and analgesic activities of the stem extract of A. pilosa and the root extract of C. souzae [8]; we wish to report herein on the identification of the metabolites responsible for the biological activity detected in the organic crude extract of each plant.…”