Chemotaxis of skeletal muscle satellite cells

Bischoff, Richard

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0177(199704)208:4<505::aid-aja6>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 204 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…Time-lapse analyses in vitro indicate that freshly isolated satellite cells migrate extensively on their associated myofibers, consistent with their expression of receptors for chemoregulatory molecules (Siegel et al, 2009). Furthermore, myoblasts cultured on various artificial substrates are also motile and migrate in response to a variety of factors, including chemokines (Corti et al, 2001;Odemis et al, 2007;Griffin et al, 2010), growth factors (Robertson et al, 1993a;Bischoff, 1997;Lee et al, 1999;Corti et al, 2001;Villena and Brandan, 2004) and other molecules (Nedachi et al, 2009;Tokura et al, 2011). Except for Cxcr4 [chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4], the receptor for the chemokine Sdf1 (stromal-derived factor 1; Cxcl12 -Mouse Genome Informatics) (Griffin et al, 2010), the effect of depleting these molecules on cell fusion has not been tested.…”

Section: Myoblast Migration Recognition and Adhesion In Micementioning

confidence: 86%

Myoblast fusion: lessons from flies and mice

2012

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The fusion of myoblasts into multinucleate syncytia plays a fundamental role in muscle function, as it supports the formation of extended sarcomeric arrays, or myofibrils, within a large volume of cytoplasm. Principles learned from the study of myoblast fusion not only enhance our understanding of myogenesis, but also contribute to our perspectives on membrane fusion and cell-cell fusion in a wide array of model organisms and experimental systems. Recent studies have advanced our views of the cell biological processes and crucial proteins that drive myoblast fusion. Here, we provide an overview of myoblast fusion in three model systems that have contributed much to our understanding of these events: the Drosophila embryo; developing and regenerating mouse muscle; and cultured rodent muscle cells. IntroductionThe process of fusing two adjacent membranes accomplishes many goals that are crucial to the development and maintenance of living organisms. Broadly, membrane fusion can occur intracellularly, as with synaptic vesicles, or between cells, as for sperm-egg fusion. Cell fusion occurs in a broad range of organisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans, and between several cell types, such as macrophages, placental trophoblasts and myoblasts. Experimental analysis of fusion in these systems has revealed the involvement of a diverse array of specialized molecules.Myoblast fusion, a fundamental step in the differentiation of muscle in most organisms, can involve tens of thousands of myoblasts, Given the complexity of the musculature, fusion must be a regulated process in which the appropriate number of cells fuse at the appropriate time and place. Often these cells migrate long distances prior to fusion, and fusion can involve multiple cell types, necessitating cell recognition and adhesion, which are crucial to accurate and efficient fusion. In addition to the early fusion events that occur during embryogenesis, vertebrate muscle tissue is able to regenerate in response to damage and disease. This regeneration involves proliferation of muscle satellite cells (see Glossary, Box 1) and their subsequent fusion to repair the damaged muscles. The focus of this review is the process of myoblast fusion, which involves cell migration, adhesion and signaling transduction pathways leading up to the actual fusion event. We review the crucial role of the actin cytoskeleton and actin polymerizing proteins, and recently revealed membrane protrusions that may drive fusion itself. We describe three powerful systems for this analysis: Drosophila embryogenesis; mouse embryogenesis and regeneration; and rodent tissue culture. We highlight the genes and morphological events involved in myoblast fusion, as revealed by each system. With the emergence of Danio rerio as another model for myoblast fusion, we also list relevant homologs in this system (Tables 1, 2). Experimental systems for the analysis of myoblast fusionThe ability to isolate and propagate mammalian myoblasts that could differentiate and fuse in...

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Section: Myoblast Migration Recognition and Adhesion In Micementioning

confidence: 86%

Myoblast fusion: lessons from flies and mice

2012

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“…A total of 31 female Swiss (SJL/J) mice, aged [6][7][8] weeks, were used as hosts, and donor muscles were ob tained from 35 male SJL/J mice aged 6-8 weeks old. …”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Tissue Culture Conditions Can Adversely Affect Myoblast Behavior in Vivo in Whole Muscle Grafts: Implications for Myoblast Transfer Therapy

Smythe

Grounds

2000

Cell Transplant

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The effects of tissue culture conditions on the viability of myoblasts in whole muscles transplanted in vivo were investigated. Whole male (SJL/J) donor muscles were exposed to various tissue culture reagents and proteolytic enzymes, and allografted into female (SJL/J) host mice. Desmin immunohistochemistry was used to assess the numbers of myogenic cells (as an index of myoblast viability and the extent of regeneration) in tissue sections of whole-muscle grafts sampled on days 7 and 14. DNA quantitation with a Y-chromosome-specific probe was used to determine the total Y-l sequence DNA (as an index of myoblast survival and proliferation) in whole-muscle grafts sampled on days 1, 3, and 7. In grafts exposed to serum-free medium, there was a delay in myoblast fusion at 7 days that was recovered by 14 days, but exposure to serum (10% or 20%) had a prolonged adverse effect on myotube formation at 14 days. DNA quantitation demonstrated that either serum-free culture medium or 10% serum enhanced the number of male cells within whole-muscle grafts at 7 days. Proteolytic digestion (even for 5 min) of whole muscles prior to grafting was extremely detrimental to myoblast survival and viability at 7 and 14 days. The unexpected finding of adverse effects of tissue culture conditions on the regeneration of whole-muscle grafts in vivo appears to parallel the major problem of the rapid death of isolated cultured donor myoblasts after injection in myoblast transfer therapy. The use of whole-muscle grafts provides an alternative and sensitive model to analyze the crucial effects of various tissue culture components on the subsequent survival and proliferation of myogenic cells in vivo.

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“…In vitro motility of satellite cell-derived cell lines (Ocalan et al, 1988;Yao et al, 1996;Dedieu et al, 2003;Bae et al, 2008) and primary satellite cells (Bischoff, 1997;Jansen and Pavlath, 2006;Mylona et al, 2006) is regulated by both cell-surface receptors and extracellular environmental factors. Recently, we showed that activated primary satellite cells are highly motile in the context of their native substrate (the surface of the myofiber), moving up to 2.4 cm in 24 hours (Siegel et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eph/ephrin interactions modulate muscle satellite cell motility and patterning

et al. 2011

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SUMMARYDuring development and regeneration, directed migration of cells, including neural crest cells, endothelial cells, axonal growth cones and many types of adult stem cells, to specific areas distant from their origin is necessary for their function. We have recently shown that adult skeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells), once activated by isolation or injury, are a highly motile population with the potential to respond to multiple guidance cues, based on their expression of classical guidance receptors. We show here that, in vivo, differentiated and regenerating myofibers dynamically express a subset of ephrin guidance ligands, as well as Eph receptors. This expression has previously only been examined in the context of muscle-nerve interactions; however, we propose that it might also play a role in satellite cell-mediated muscle repair. Therefore, we investigated whether Eph-ephrin signaling would produce changes in satellite cell directional motility. Using a classical ephrin 'stripe' assay, we found that satellite cells respond to a subset of ephrins with repulsive behavior in vitro; patterning of differentiating myotubes is also parallel to ephrin stripes. This behavior can be replicated in a heterologous in vivo system, the hindbrain of the developing quail, in which neural crest cells are directed in streams to the branchial arches and to the forelimb of the developing quail, where presumptive limb myoblasts emigrate from the somite. We hypothesize that guidance signaling might impact multiple steps in muscle regeneration, including escape from the niche, directed migration to sites of injury, cell-cell interactions among satellite cell progeny, and differentiation and patterning of regenerated muscle.

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Chemotaxis of skeletal muscle satellite cells

Cited by 204 publications

References 72 publications

Myoblast fusion: lessons from flies and mice

Myoblast fusion: lessons from flies and mice

Exposure to Tissue Culture Conditions Can Adversely Affect Myoblast Behavior in Vivo in Whole Muscle Grafts: Implications for Myoblast Transfer Therapy

Eph/ephrin interactions modulate muscle satellite cell motility and patterning

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