Chemotaxis of a birdsfoot trefoil strain of Rhizobium to simple sugars

Currier, W

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(80)90010-5

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…A number of different sugars, amino acids, and organic acids commonly present in root exudates were identified as chemoattractants for rhizobia (Gitte et al, 1978;Currier, 1980;Bowra and Dilworth, 1981;Burg et al, 1982;Gotz et al, 1982;Gaworzewska and Carlile, 1982;Rai, 1987;Aguilar et al, 1988). However, most of these common root exudate compounds are attractants and metabolites for various rhizosphere bacteria and, consequently, may not be important in exerting a selective effect on the rhizobial population.…”

Section: Chemotaxismentioning

confidence: 96%

Factors Influencing Nodule Occupancy by Inoculant Rhizobia

Vlassak

Vanderleyden

1997

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

115

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Section: Chemotaxismentioning

confidence: 96%

Factors Influencing Nodule Occupancy by Inoculant Rhizobia

Vlassak

Vanderleyden

1997

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

115

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“…Most strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum show optimal growth over the pH range 5 to 8 (Vincent, 1977); motility appears to be maximal at pH 5 . 5 and above for the strain we studied, compared with 234 Short communication maximal chemotaxis between pH 7.0 and 7.5 for the rhizobia from birdsfoot trefoil (Currier, 1980). The effects on motility of EDTA and chelating resin treatment of the medium seem likely to be via the same mechanism-the removal of heavy metal ions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The substitution of a test-tube system for the slide method appears also to produce satisfactory results, with accumulation of bacteria a function of both incubation time and attractant concentration. Unlike the trefoil strain of Rhizobium (Currier, 1980), R . leguminosarum was chemotactic to glucose, xylose and arabinose but was not attracted to sucrose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Root exudation of sugars, amino acids and vitamins is well documented for legume roots (Rovira, 1965). Rhizobium as a genus is regularly motile, the flagellation being subpolar in the slow-growing strains and peritrichous in fast-growing strains (De Ley & Rassel, 1965), though the conditions required for motility have not been fully established (Currier, 1980). If rhizobia behave like other Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp., chemotaxis would be expected to occur.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In soil such a protein seems likely to have a very restricted range of movement past charged particles and its significance remains to be assessed. Subsequent work has shown that the trefoil strain of Rhizobium is chemotactic to the simple sugars mannose, ribose, maltose, fructose, galactose and sucrose (Currier, 1980). Evidence presented by Gitte et al (1978) suggests that a strain of Rhizobium from Cicer nodules was attracted to glucose, galactose, xylose, ribose and arabinose extracted from root exudates.…”

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Motility and Chemotaxis towards Sugars in Rhizobium leguminosarum

Bowra

Dilworth

1981

Microbiology

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Motility in Rhizobium leguminosarum WU163 was dependent on the pH of the medium; addition of EDTA or treatment of the medium with a chelating resin was also required. Motility was improved by the addition of Ca2+ but not by Mg2+; both Zn2+ and Cu2+ abolished motility at low concentrations. Chemotaxis was demonstrated to L-arabinose, D-ribose, D-xylose, D-glucose, D-fructose, mannitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, lactose and cellobiose. The organisms were not chemotactic to either sucrose or trehalose under the conditions used. I N T R O D U C T I O NIt is still not clear how an appropriate strain of Rhizobium, present in the soil as a saprophyte, reaches the rhizosphere of a legume whose roots it can infect. Two extreme situations can be considered: the first where contact between the developing legume root and a microcolony of rhizobia is purely by chance, and the second where chemoattractive substances produced by the plant guide rhizobia towards the root. Root exudation of sugars, amino acids and vitamins is well documented for legume roots (Rovira, 1965). Rhizobium as a genus is regularly motile, the flagellation being subpolar in the slow-growing strains and peritrichous in fast-growing strains (De Ley & Rassel, 1965), though the conditions required for motility have not been fully established (Currier, 1980). If rhizobia behave like other Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp., chemotaxis would be expected to occur.Previous studies have shown Rhizobium to be chemotactic to both root exudates and simple sugars. Currier & Strobe1 (1976a, b) showed that the birdsfoot trefoil strain of Rhizobium was chemotactic to a glucoprotein in root exudates but not to common sugars and amino acids. In soil such a protein seems likely to have a very restricted range of movement past charged particles and its significance remains to be assessed. Subsequent work has shown that the trefoil strain of Rhizobium is chemotactic to the simple sugars mannose, ribose, maltose, fructose, galactose and sucrose (Currier, 1980). Evidence presented by Gitte et al. (1978) suggests that a strain of Rhizobium from Cicer nodules was attracted to glucose, galactose, xylose, ribose and arabinose extracted from root exudates. Since concentrations of sugars are not given by these authors, it is hard to say whether the taxes they found are of physiological significance.In this study, we report on factors which affect motility in Rhizobium leguminosarum WU163, and show that this strain is very similar to other Gram-negative bacteria in its chemotactic responses to sugars. M E T H O D SGrowth of bacteria. The organism used (Rhizobium leguminosarum WU 163) was from the culture collection of the University of Western Australia. It nodulates peas effectively. It was maintained on yeast/mannitol agar (Vincent, 1970) and transferred every 2 weeks.

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Regulation and function of rhizobial nodulation genes

GOTTFERT¹

1993

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Azorhizobium [217] Bradyrhizobiurn [218] ¢ Rhizobium [219] d A. caulinodans [217] B. japonicurn [218] Bradyrhizobium sp. ( Parasponia ) R. fredii [220] ( Sinorhizobium fredii ) R. galegae [222] R. leguminosarum biovar phaseoli [223] biovar trifolii [223] biovar viciae [223] R. loti [224] R. meliloti [219] d R. tropici ~ [225] Sinorhizobium [24] g S. fredii [24] R. japonicum (slow growing strains) [219] d R. japonicum (fast growing strains) [221] R. phaseoli [219] a R. trifolii [219] d R. legurninosarum [219] d R. leguminosarum biovar phaseoli (type II strains) [225] d Sesbania Glycine, ~gna Glycine, ~gna Galega Phaseolus Trifolium Pisum, l, qcia Lotus, Lupinus Melilotus, Medicago Phaseolus, Leucaena Rhizobium sp. strain Leucaena, NGR234 [226] f Macroptilium, Vigna R. fredii [220] Glycine a Only species relevant for this review are listed. b The list of host plants is not complete. The host range may extend beyond that given here and may differ among species of a genus. c For Bradyrhizobium strains other than B. ]aponicum it was suggested that they be referred to as Bradyrhizobium sp. with the name of the host plant in parentheses immediately following [218], e.g., Bradyrhizobium sp. (Parasponia). d And further references therein. The older designation was used throughout this review.f Probably, this strain belongs to R. fredii [25]. In this review no differentiation is made between the almost isogenic strains Rhizobiurn sp. strain NGR234 and strain MPIK3030 [227].g See text for a recent dispute. 42tractant [48]. The nodulation genes are probably not involved in this chemotactic response [49].Chemotaxis towards nod gene-inducing flavonoids was also reported for Rhizobium leguminosarum strains [33,50]. In this case, the symbiotic plasmid, which carries all known nod genes, was beneficial, but not essential, for chemotaxis [50]. In contrast, none or only a very weak chemotaxis towards inducers of nod gene transcription was detected in B. japonicum [34,40]. Bj [243]; NGR234 [244]; Rlbt [245]; Rm [107] Bj [115,243]; Rlbt [98]; Rlbv [99]; Rm [47] Rlbv [99] Rm [102] Rlbv [99]; Rm [47] Rm [246] Rlbp [247] Rlbp [247] Rlbp [247] Ac [248]; Rlbt [98]; Rm [107] Ac [75]; NGR234 [244]; Rlbp [81,249]; Rlbv [99] Rlbv [250] Rlbv [99] Rlbv [250] Rlbp [249]; Rlbv [99] Rlbp [247] Rlbp [247] Rlbp [247] Rm [102] Bj [115,243,251]; NGR234 [244] Bj [115,243]; Rlbp [81.249] Bj [243] Bj [243] Bj [1151 Bj [243] Bj [85]; Rlbt [92]; Rlbv [92]; Rm [107] Only the most potent inducers are listed. Additional inducers are recorded in the literature cited. b Abbreviations for rhizobia: Ac, A. caulinodans; Bj, B. japonicurn; NGR234, Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234; Rlbp, R. legurninosarum by. phaseoli; Rlbt, R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii; Rlbv, R. leguminosarum bv. L,iciae; Rm, R. meliloti.

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Chemotaxis of a birdsfoot trefoil strain of Rhizobium to simple sugars

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Factors Influencing Nodule Occupancy by Inoculant Rhizobia

Factors Influencing Nodule Occupancy by Inoculant Rhizobia

Motility and Chemotaxis towards Sugars in Rhizobium leguminosarum

Regulation and function of rhizobial nodulation genes

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