Chemosusceptibility analysis of Plasmodium falciparum imported malaria in Italy

Caramello, Pietro; Canta, Francesca; Cavecchia, Ilaria; Sergi, Giuseppina; Balbiano, Rosanna; Ariaudo, Silvia; Audagnotto, Sabrina; Perri, Giovanni Di

doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.01.002

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[98] In clinical isolates, mean IC 50 values vary between 136 and 286 nm. [99][100][101] Clinical resistance to quinine monotherapy occurs sporadically in Southeast Asia and Western Oceania. Resistance is less frequent in South America and Africa.…”

Section: Further Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Chemotherapeutics Part I: History of Antimalarial Drug Development, Currently Used Therapeutics, and Drugs in Clinical Development

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since ancient times, humankind has had to struggle against the persistent onslaught of pathogenic microorganisms. Nowadays, malaria is still the most important infectious disease worldwide. Considerable success in gaining control over malaria was achieved in the 1950s and 60s through landscaping measures, vector control with the insecticide DDT, and the widespread administration of chloroquine, the most important antimalarial agent ever. In the late 1960s, the final victory over malaria was believed to be within reach. However, the parasites could not be eradicated because they developed resistance against the most widely used and affordable drugs of that time. Today, cases of malaria infections are on the rise and have reached record numbers. This review gives a short description of the malaria disease, briefly addresses the history of antimalarial drug development, and focuses on drugs currently available for malaria therapy. The present knowledge regarding their mode of action and the mechanisms of resistance are explained, as are the attempts made by numerous research groups to overcome the resistance problem within classes of existing drugs and in some novel classes. Finally, this review covers all classes of antimalarials for which at least one drug candidate is in clinical development. Antimalarial agents that are solely in early development stages will be addressed in a separate review.

show abstract

Section: Further Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Chemotherapeutics Part I: History of Antimalarial Drug Development, Currently Used Therapeutics, and Drugs in Clinical Development

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Surveillance studies of 67 P. falciparum infections imported from East and West Africa into Italy showed 33.3% pyronaridine resistance and a weak correlation with chloroquine resistance ( r = 0.38, P < 0.05) [39]. Surprisingly, chloroquine resistance was only 14% in these strains [39]. The relevance of these findings is unknown as they do not appear to reflect the situation reported for transmission zones.…”

Section: Cross Resistance With Chloroquine and Other Anti-malarialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of pyronaridine anti-malarial properties and product characteristics

Croft

Duparc

Arbe-Barnes

et al. 2012

Malar J

129

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pyronaridine was synthesized in 1970 at the Institute of Chinese Parasitic Disease and has been used in China for over 30 years for the treatment of malaria. Pyronaridine has high potency against Plasmodium falciparum, including chloroquine-resistant strains. Studies in various animal models have shown pyronaridine to be effective against strains resistant to other anti-malarials, including chloroquine. Resistance to pyronaridine appears to emerge slowly and is further retarded when pyronaridine is used in combination with other anti-malarials, in particular, artesunate. Pyronaridine toxicity is generally less than that of chloroquine, though evidence of embryotoxicity in rodents suggests use with caution in pregnancy. Clinical pharmacokinetic data for pyronaridine indicates an elimination T1/2 of 13.2 and 9.6 days, respectively, in adults and children with acute uncomplicated falciparum and vivax malaria in artemisinin-combination therapy. Clinical data for mono or combined pyronaridine therapy show excellent anti-malarial effects against P. falciparum and studies of combination therapy also show promise against Plasmodium vivax. Pyronaridine has been developed as a fixed dose combination therapy, in a 3:1 ratio, with artesunate for the treatment of acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria and blood stage P. vivax malaria with the name of Pyramax® and has received Positive Opinion by European Medicines Agency under the Article 58 procedure.

show abstract

“…In vitro studies have found that resistance to chloroquine and amodiaquine are correlated; however, chloroquineresistant strains appear to have lower levels of resistance to amodiaquine. [17][18][19] There is also evidence that amodiaquine is effective against chloroquine-resistant malaria in vivo. [20][21][22] However, amodiaquine resistance does occur in areas where it has been used regularly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Amodiaquine and Combination Chemotherapy for Malaria

Meshnick

Alker

2005

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antimalarial drug resistance is becoming an increasingly important public health problem. 1 There is a consensus among malariologists that combination chemotherapy is the best way to treat malaria, which is resistant to current drugs, and to mitigate the emergence of resistance to new drugs. 2,3 But there is no consensus about which antimalarial drugs to combine. The paper by Zongo and others, 4 in this issue, should elicit a serious discussion of the issues involved. Combination antimalarial therapy works for two reasons.

show abstract

Chemosusceptibility analysis of Plasmodium falciparum imported malaria in Italy

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Malaria Chemotherapeutics Part I: History of Antimalarial Drug Development, Currently Used Therapeutics, and Drugs in Clinical Development

Malaria Chemotherapeutics Part I: History of Antimalarial Drug Development, Currently Used Therapeutics, and Drugs in Clinical Development

Review of pyronaridine anti-malarial properties and product characteristics

Amodiaquine and Combination Chemotherapy for Malaria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About