Chemostratigraphy versus biostratigraphy: data from around the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary

Gale, Andy; Jenkyns, Hugh C.; Kennedy, William J.; Corfield, Richard

doi:10.1144/gsjgs.150.1.0029

Cited by 218 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The isotope correlation between England and North America can be tested using last and first appearance datum levels (LAD, FAD) and floods of key fossil taxa in the reference sections. The relative positions of ammonite, inoceramid bivalve and planktonic foraminifera datum levels in the sections are consistent with the isotope correlation (Jarvis et al 1988b;Gale et al 1993Gale et al , 2005Paul et al 1999;Keller et al 2001Keller et al , 2004. fig.…”

Section: A11 Cenomanian/turonian Boundary Eventsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The global nature of these events, particularly the large positive excursion spanning the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary, has been confirmed subsequently by many workers (e.g. Schlanger et al 1987;Arthur et al 1990;Gale et al 1993Gale et al , 2005Pratt et al 1993;Jenkyns, Gale & Corfield, 1994;Jenkyns, Mutterlose & Sliter, 1995;Hasegawa, 1997Hasegawa, , 2003Voigt & Hilbrecht, 1997;DeCabrera, Sliter & Jarvis, 1999;Hasegawa & Hatsugai, 2000;Voigt, 2000;Keller et al 2001;Wang et al 2001;Jarvis et al 2002;Tsikos et al 2004; Table 1). The isotope profile is shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: H Eastbourne East Sussex (Cenomanian/turonian Boundary Imentioning

confidence: 70%

“…1), affords the thickest Cenomanian/Turonian boundary section in the AngloParis Basin (Jefferies, 1962(Jefferies, , 1963Gale et al 1993Gale et al , 2005Paul et al 1999). The macrofossil (Mortimore, 1986;Gale et al 1993Gale et al , 2000Gale et al , 2005 and microfossil (Paul et al 1999;Keller et al 2001) biostratigraphy of the section has been documented in detail, and Paul et al (1999) have published high-resolution (5-10 cm sample spacing) δ 13 C and δ 18 O curves for a 24 m section incorporating the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary. Similar but lower resolution carbon-isotope curves were presented by Leary & Peryt (1991), Gale et al (1993), Jenkyns, Gale & Corfield (1994), Keller et al (2001) and Tsikos et al (2004).…”

Section: H Eastbourne East Sussex (Cenomanian/turonian Boundary Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed studies of the Cenomanian/Turonian Boundary Event and the associated stable-isotope and biostratigraphy in England have been undertaken at Dover (Jarvis et al 1988b;Lamolda, Gorostidi & Paul, 1994) and Eastbourne (Leary & Peryt, 1991;Gale et al 1993Gale et al , 2005Paul et al 1999;Keller et al 2001;Tsikos et al 2004), and isotope curves have also been published for Speeton (Mitchell, Paul & Gale, 1996) and Culver (Jarvis, Murphy & Gale, 2001). The Eastbourne Gun Gardens section in West Sussex (Figs 1, 5) is the most expanded boundary section in chalk facies in NW Europe (Paul et al 1999), and is increasingly being used as an international reference for biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic studies (Amédro, Accarie & Robaszynski, 2005;Erbacher et al 2005;Kolonic et al 2005;Kuhnt et al 2005).…”

Section: A11 Cenomanian/turonian Boundary Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secular variation in Late Cretaceous carbon isotopes: a new δ¹³C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian–Campanian (99.6–70.6 Ma)

et al. 2006

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-Carbon stable-isotope variation through the Cenomanian-Santonian stages is characterized using data for 1769 bulk pelagic carbonate samples collected from seven Chalk successions in England. The sections show consistent stratigraphic trends and δ 13 C values that provide a basis for highresolution correlation. Positive and negative δ 13 C excursions and inflection points on the isotope profiles are used to define 72 isotope events. Key markers are provided by positive δ 13 C excursions of up to + 2 ‰: the Albian/Cenomanian Boundary Event; Mid-Cenomanian Event I; the Cenomanian/Turonian Boundary Event; the Bridgewick, Hitch Wood and Navigation events of Late Turonian age; and the Santonian/Campanian Boundary Event. Isotope events are isochronous within a framework provided by macrofossil datum levels and bentonite horizons. An age-calibrated composite δ 13 C reference curve and an isotope event stratigraphy are constructed using data from the English Chalk. The isotope stratigraphy is applied to successions in Germany, France, Spain and Italy. Correlation with pelagic sections at Gubbio, central Italy, demonstrates general agreement between biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic criteria in the Cenomanian-Turonian stages, confirming established relationships between Tethyan planktonic foraminiferal and Boreal macrofossil biozonations. Correlation of the Coniacian-Santonian stages is less clear cut: magnetostratigraphic evidence for placing the base of Chron 33r near the base of the Upper Santonian is in good agreement with the carbon-isotope correlation, but generates significant anomalies regarding the placement of the Santonian and Campanian stage boundaries with respect to Tethyan planktonic foraminiferal and nannofossil zones. Isotope stratigraphy offers a more reliable criterion for detailed correlation of Cenomanian-Santonian strata than biostratigraphy. With the addition of Campanian δ 13 C data from one of the English sections, a composite Cenomanian-Campanian age-calibrated reference curve is presented that can be utilized in future chemostratigraphic studies.The Cenomanian-Campanian carbon-isotope curve is remarkably similar in shape to supposedly eustatic sea-level curves: increasing δ 13 C values accompanying sea-level rise associated with transgression, and falling δ 13 C values characterizing sea-level fall and regression. The correlation between carbon isotopes and sea-level is explained by variations in epicontinental sea area affecting organic-matter burial fluxes: increasing shallow sea-floor area and increased accommodation space accompanying sea-level rise allowed more efficient burial of marine organic matter, with the preferential removal of 12 C from the marine carbon reservoir. During sea-level fall, reduced seafloor area, marine erosion of previously deposited sediments, and exposure of basin margins led to reduced organiccarbon burial fluxes and oxidation of previously deposited organic matter, causing falling δ 13 C values. Additionally, drowning of carbonate platforms during...

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Section: A11 Cenomanian/turonian Boundary Eventsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: H Eastbourne East Sussex (Cenomanian/turonian Boundary Imentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: H Eastbourne East Sussex (Cenomanian/turonian Boundary Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A11 Cenomanian/turonian Boundary Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Secular variation in Late Cretaceous carbon isotopes: a new δ¹³C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian–Campanian (99.6–70.6 Ma)

et al. 2006

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“…Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy is a reliable correlation tool when integrated with biostratigraphy (e.g., Gale et al 1993;Jarvis et al 2006;and many others). Reliability, which also may be called stratigraphic fidelity in marking specific levels, is dependent on multiple factors, however.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The age of the Tojeira Formation (Late Jurassic, Early Kimmeridgian), of Montejunto, west-central Portugal

et al. 2017

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Precise biostratigraphic dating of the Tojeira Formation (Late Jurassic, Early Kimmeridgian) of the Montejunto section of west-central Portugal, which has yielded important planktonic foraminiferal assemblages, is hindered by poor preservation in the upper part of the section as the lithology shifts from shale to coarser clastics. Assignment was previously made to the Idoceras planula and Sutneria platynota zones based on ammonites. Coccolith and dinoflagellate assemblages described here concur with the Early Kimmeridgian, yet, a finer age constraint is proposed by cyclo-and chemostratigraphical correlation. Peaks in d 13 C org and TOC, if equivalent to maxima in the envelope of clay/carbonate cycles in SE France, imply that the c. 50 m-thick section spans a 0.8-myr interval of the S. platynota through upper Ataxioceras hypselocyclum ammonite zones, with the approximate base of the A. hypselocyclum Zone at c. 15.4 m (level 13). Such stratigraphy provides new insights into the upper part of the formation by interbasinal correlation with other Tethyan records. An extended first occurrence of the dinoflagellate species Dichadogonyaulax? pannea in the S. platynota Zone is also proposed.

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Upper ocean oxygenation dynamics from I/Ca ratios during the Cenomanian‐Turonian OAE 2

et al. 2015

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Global warming lowers the solubility of gases in the ocean and drives an enhanced hydrological cycle with increased nutrient loads delivered to the oceans, leading to increases in organic production, the degradation of which causes a further decrease in dissolved oxygen. In extreme cases in the geological past, this trajectory has led to catastrophic marine oxygen depletion during the so-called oceanic anoxic events (OAEs). How the water column oscillated between generally oxic conditions and local/global anoxia remains a challenging question, exacerbated by a lack of sensitive redox proxies, especially for the suboxic window. To address this problem, we use bulk carbonate I/Ca to reconstruct subtle redox changes in the upper ocean water column at seven sites recording the Cretaceous OAE 2. In general, I/Ca ratios were relatively low preceding and during the OAE interval, indicating deep suboxic or anoxic waters exchanging directly with near-surface waters. However, individual sites display a wide range of initial values and excursions in I/Ca through the OAE interval, reflecting the importance of local controls and suggesting a high spatial variability in redox state. Both I/Ca and an Earth System Model suggest that the northeast proto-Atlantic had notably higher oxygen levels in the upper water column than the rest of the North Atlantic, indicating that anoxia was not global during OAE 2 and that important regional differences in redox conditions existed. A lack of correlation with calcium, lithium, and carbon isotope records suggests that neither enhanced global weathering nor carbon burial was a dominant control on the I/Ca proxy during OAE 2.

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Chemostratigraphy versus biostratigraphy: data from around the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary

Cited by 218 publications

References 20 publications

Secular variation in Late Cretaceous carbon isotopes: a new δ¹³C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian–Campanian (99.6–70.6 Ma)

Secular variation in Late Cretaceous carbon isotopes: a new δ¹³C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian–Campanian (99.6–70.6 Ma)

The age of the Tojeira Formation (Late Jurassic, Early Kimmeridgian), of Montejunto, west-central Portugal

Upper ocean oxygenation dynamics from I/Ca ratios during the Cenomanian‐Turonian OAE 2

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Chemostratigraphy versus biostratigraphy: data from around the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary

Cited by 218 publications

References 20 publications

Secular variation in Late Cretaceous carbon isotopes: a new δ13C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian–Campanian (99.6–70.6 Ma)

Secular variation in Late Cretaceous carbon isotopes: a new δ13C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian–Campanian (99.6–70.6 Ma)

The age of the Tojeira Formation (Late Jurassic, Early Kimmeridgian), of Montejunto, west-central Portugal

Upper ocean oxygenation dynamics from I/Ca ratios during the Cenomanian‐Turonian OAE 2

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Secular variation in Late Cretaceous carbon isotopes: a new δ¹³C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian–Campanian (99.6–70.6 Ma)

Secular variation in Late Cretaceous carbon isotopes: a new δ¹³C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian–Campanian (99.6–70.6 Ma)