Chemosensory ionotropic receptors in human host-seeking mosquitoes

A spatial map of antennal-expressed ionotropic receptors in the malaria mosquito

“… 19 However, the functional roles of mosquito IRs extend beyond sensing behaviorally relevant odorants. 20 Several lines of evidence suggest multiple roles for insect IRs including oviposition cues detection, 21 courtship behavior, 22 thermosensation, 23 – 25 humidity detection, 24 , 26 and taste sensation. 27 , 28 The diverse roles of IRs remain consistent with the widespread expression pattern across insect body parts.…”

Ionotropic Receptor IR75q.2 Mediates Avoidance Reaction to Nonanoic Acid in the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

“…IRs evolve from ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), a class of conserved ligand-gated ion channels. Based on tissue expression profile and phylogenetic relationship, IRs are divided into two subfamilies, antennal IRs (A-IRs) and divergent IRs (D-IRs). , A-IRs are further divided into odor-specific IRs and coreceptor IR, but coreceptor IRs can only be functioning when coexpressed with odor-specific IRs, similar to that of the odorant receptor coreceptor (Orco) and ORs. − So far, four coreceptor IRs (IR8a, IR25a, IR76b, and IR93a) have been characterized, which are very conserved in amino acid sequence across insects . A-IRs are specifically or biasedly expressed in the antennae and thus are thought to play an important role in olfaction.…”