Chemosensory apparatus of Drosophila larvae

Bose, Chandra; Basu, Srijoni; Das, Nilanjan; Khurana, Sukant

doi:10.6026/97320630011185

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Olfaction plays a minor role in larvae. The small number of neurons in the Drosophila olfactory system makes it a very convenient system for olfactory studies (Bose et al, 2015 ), enabling the exploration of sensory coding at all stages of nervous system development (Bose et al, 2015 ). In Drosophila larvae, the epidermal growth factor receptor (Rahn et al, 2013 ) and serotonin signaling (Annina et al, 2017 ) are necessary for learning and memory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Proteins and Their Expression Profiles in the Eucalyptus Pest Endoclita signifier Larvae

et al. 2021

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Endoclita signifier Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), a polyphagous insect, has become a new wood-boring pest in Eucalyptus plantations in southern China since 2007, which represents a typical example of native insect adaptation to an exotic host. After the third instar, larvae move from soil to standing trees and damage the plants with a wormhole. Although females disperse to lay eggs, larvae can accurately find eucalyptus in a mingled forest of eight species, which leads us to hypothesize that the larval olfactory system contributes to its host selection. Herein, we investigated the transcriptomes of the head and tegument of E. signifer larvae and explored the expression profiles of olfactory proteins. We identified 15 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), including seven general OBPs (GOPBs), six chemosensory proteins (CSPs), two odorant receptors (ORs), one gustatory receptor (GR), 14 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and one sensory neuron membrane protein (SNMP). Expression profiles indicated that all olfactory proteins, except for EsigCSP1, were expressed in the head, and most were also detected in non-olfactory tissues, especially thorax tegument. Furthermore, EsigOBP2, EsigOBP8, EsigGOBP1, EsigGOBP2, EsigGOBP5, EsigCSP3, EsigCSP5, and EsigOR1 were expressed most strongly in the head; moreover, EsigCSP3 expressed abundantly in the head. EsigGR1 exhibited the highest expression among all tissues. Besides phylogenetic analysis shows that EsigGOBP7 probably is the pheromone-binding protein (PBP) of E. signifier. This study provides the molecular basis for future study of chemosensation in E. signifier larvae. EsigCSP3 and EsigGR1, which have unique expression patterns, might be factors that govern the host choice of larvae and worth further exploration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Proteins and Their Expression Profiles in the Eucalyptus Pest Endoclita signifier Larvae

et al. 2021

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“…In insects, homonymous structures are responsible for temporal integration of sensory signals; they mediate learning and memory processes and receive olfactory input from the antennal lobes ( de Belle and Heisenberg, 1994 ; Schürmann, 1995 ; Heisenberg, 1998 ). In fact, it has been shown that the mushroom bodies of Drosophila melanogaster play a key role in associative learning of olfactory information ( Laurent and Naraghi, 1994 ; Bose et al, 2015 ). In the honeybee Apis mellifera and fruitfly D. melanogaster olfactory sensory neurons with olfactory receptors are present in the antenna and converge into a few glomeruli in the antennal lobe and synapse with specific second-order neurons, especially the mushroom bodies ( Tanaka et al, 2004 ; Kirschner et al, 2006 ; Zube et al, 2008 ; Galizia and Rössler, 2010 ; Ramdya and Benton, 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunolocalization of Arthropsin in the Onychophoran Euperipatoides rowelli (Peripatopsidae)

2016

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Opsins are light-sensitive proteins that play a key role in animal vision and are related to the ancient photoreceptive molecule rhodopsin found in unicellular organisms. In general, opsins involved in vision comprise two major groups: the rhabdomeric (r-opsins) and the ciliary opsins (c-opsins). The functionality of opsins, which is dependent on their protein structure, may have changed during evolution. In arthropods, typically r-opsins are responsible for vision, whereas in vertebrates c-opsins are components of visual photoreceptors. Recently, an enigmatic r-opsin-like protein called arthropsin has been identified in various bilaterian taxa, including arthropods, lophotrochozoans, and chordates, by performing transcriptomic and genomic analyses. Since the role of arthropsin and its distribution within the body are unknown, we immunolocalized this protein in a representative of Onychophora – Euperipatoides rowelli – an ecdysozoan taxon which is regarded as one of the closest relatives of Arthropoda. Our data show that arthropsin is expressed in the central nervous system of E. rowelli, including the brain and the ventral nerve cords, but not in the eyes. These findings are consistent with previous results based on reverse transcription PCR in a closely related onychophoran species and suggest that arthropsin is a non-visual protein. Based on its distribution in the central brain region and the mushroom bodies, we speculate that the onychophoran arthropsin might be either a photosensitive molecule playing a role in the circadian clock, or a non-photosensitive protein involved in olfactory pathways, or both.

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“…In D. melanogaster larvae, the olfactory system is mainly localized to the head region. The head portion of larvae has a couple of DOs expressing 21 OSNs in each [3,4] (Figure 1A). Contrarily, the adult fruit flies detect odorants through a pair of antennae and maxillary palps (Figure 1B).…”

Section: Olfactory System-components and Basic Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At larval stage, the antennal nerve (AN) connects 21 OSNs in DO to the larval antennal lobe (LAL). The LAL has about 30 subunits comparable to the glomerulus of an adult fly [4,45]. The sensory information from LAL then goes through several projections and local neurons (PNs & LNs) to be relayed to higher centers of the larval brain to initiate a behavioral response (Figure 3A).…”

Section: Olfactory System-components and Basic Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process commences with the binding of volatile odorant molecules to their specific receptors known as odorant receptors (Ors), which are expressed on the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). In the larval stages, each of the two dorsal organs (DO) have 21 OSNs [3,4], which contrarily, are contained in specialized sensory hairs known as sensilla, situated on the third antennal segments and maxillary palps in the adult flies. Earlier studies on olfaction in D. melanogaster used odorants in association with an appetitive or an aversive stimulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drosophila melanogaster Chemosensory Pathways as Potential Targets to Curb the Insect Menace

Ali

Anushree

Bilgrami

et al. 2022

Insects

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From a unicellular bacterium to a more complex human, smell and taste form an integral part of the basic sensory system. In fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster, the behavioral responses to odorants and tastants are simple, though quite sensitive, and robust. They explain the organization and elementary functioning of the chemosensory system. Molecular and functional analyses of the receptors and other critical molecules involved in olfaction and gustation are not yet completely understood. Hence, a better understanding of chemosensory cue-dependent fruit flies, playing a major role in deciphering the host-seeking behavior of pathogen transmitting insect vectors (mosquitoes, sandflies, ticks) and crop pests (Drosophila suzukii, Queensland fruit fly), is needed. Using D. melanogaster as a model organism, the knowledge gained may be implemented to design new means of controlling insects as well as in analyzing current batches of insect and pest repellents. In this review, the complete mechanisms of olfactory and gustatory perception, along with their implementation in controlling the global threat of disease-transmitting insect vectors and crop-damaging pests, are explained in fruit flies.

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Chemosensory apparatus of Drosophila larvae

Cited by 5 publications

References 64 publications

Olfactory Proteins and Their Expression Profiles in the Eucalyptus Pest Endoclita signifier Larvae

Olfactory Proteins and Their Expression Profiles in the Eucalyptus Pest Endoclita signifier Larvae

Immunolocalization of Arthropsin in the Onychophoran Euperipatoides rowelli (Peripatopsidae)

Drosophila melanogaster Chemosensory Pathways as Potential Targets to Curb the Insect Menace

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