Chemosensoren für Gase und Lösungsmitteldämpfe

Reinbold, Jörg; Cammann, Karl

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60643-4_1

“…Recognition in this case demands a Vol. 8 Chemical and Biochemical Sensorsperfect geometrical fit as well as the appropriate dipole and/or charge distribution to permit binding of the analyte molecule inside the generally much larger biomolecule (host). Since fitting is associated with all three dimensions, a very large biomolecule with its stabilized structure is more effective than the smaller host molecules commonly encountered in supramolecular chemistry.…”

Section: Molecular Recognition Processes Based On Molecular Biologicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Biochemical Sensors

Cammann¹,

Roß²,

Katerkamp³

et al. 2001

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction to the Field of Sensors and Actuators 2. Chemical Sensors 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Molecular Recognition Processes and Corresponding Selectivities 2.2.1. Catalytic Processes in Calorimetric Devices 2.2.2. Reactions at Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces Influencing Surface or Bulk Conductivities 2.2.3. Selective Ion Conductivities in Solid‐State Materials 2.2.4. Selective Adsorption ‐ Distribution and Supramolecular Chemistry at Interfaces 2.2.5. Selective Charge‐Transfer Processes at Ion‐Selective Electrodes (Potentiometry) 2.2.6. Selective Electrochemical Reactions at Working Electrodes (Voltammetry and Amperometry) 2.2.7. Molecular Recognition Processes Based on Molecular Biological Principles 2.3. Transducers for Molecular Recognition: Processes and Sensitivities 2.3.1. Electrochemical Sensors 2.3.1.1. Self‐Indicating Potentiometric Electrodes 2.3.1.2. Voltammetric and Amperometric Cells 2.3.1.3. Conductance Devices 2.3.1.4. Ion‐Selective Field‐Effect Transistors (ISFETs) 2.3.2. Optical Sensors 2.3.2.1. Fiber‐Optical Sensors 2.3.2.2. Integrated Optical Chemical and Biochemical Sensors 2.3.2.3. Surface Plasmon Resonance 2.3.2.4. Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy 2.3.3. Mass‐Sensitive Devices 2.3.3.1. Introduction 2.3.3.2. Fundamental Principles and Basic Types of Transducers 2.3.3.3. Theoretical Background 2.3.3.4. Technical Considerations 2.3.3.5. Specific Applications 2.3.3.6. Conclusions and Outlook 2.3.4. Calorimetric Devices 2.4. Problems Associated with Chemical Sensors 2.5. Multisensor Arrays, Electronic Noses, and Tongues 3. Biochemical Sensors (Biosensors) 3.1. Definitions, General Construction, and Classification 3.2. Biocatalytic (Metabolic) Sensors 3.2.1. Monoenzyme Sensors 3.2.2. Multienzyme Sensors 3.2.3. Enzyme Sensors for Inhibitors ‐ Toxic Effect Sensors 3.2.4. Biosensors Utilizing Intact Biological Receptors 3.3. Affinity Sensors ‐ Immuno‐Probes 3.3.1. Direct‐Sensing Immuno‐Probes without Marker Molecules 3.3.2. Indirect‐Sensing Immuno‐Probes using Marker Molecules 3.4. Whole‐Cell Biosensors 3.5. Problems and Future Prospects 4. Actuators and Instrumentation 5. Future Trends and Outlook

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“…For the 10 MHz TSMRs used in this study (C = 2,26 10 8 cm 2 Hz -1 g -1 ; A = 0,25 cm 2 ) average shifts due indicating the predominant role of hydrogen bonding interaction. The inclusion of guest molecules with higher molar volumes was frequently accompanied by slow inclusion rate and sensor response, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the design and characterization of new chemically sensitive materials continues to be an active area of research [1,2]. Mass-sensitive devices such as the quartz microbalance (QMB) are versatile devices to study the sensor characteristics of different coating materials, such as polymers [3][4][5], supramolecular compounds for mono-[6 -9] and multimolecular inclusion [10 -12], thin self-assembled films [13], liquid crystals [14] or coordinating compounds [15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Roof-shaped clathrate compounds as novel coating materials for the detection of organic solvent vapours: a study focussed on thickness shear mode resonators as mass-sensitive transducers

Reinbold

¹

,

Cammann²,

Weber

³

et al. 1999

J. prakt. Chem.

9

0

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252The development of receptor-based chemical sensors for gas sensing, and in particular for monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is widely determined by the sensitive properties of the coating material. Therefore, the design and characterization of new chemically sensitive materials continues to be an active area of research [1,2]. Mass-sensitive devices such as the quartz microbalance (QMB) are versatile devices to study the sensor characteristics of different coating materials, such as polymers [3][4][5], supramolecular compounds for mono-[6 -9] and multimolecular inclusion [10 -12], thin self-assembled films [13], liquid crystals [14] or coordinating compounds [15].With reference to the QMB its main component is the piezoelectric quartz crystal as mass-sensitive transducer, usually a temperature compensated cut (AT) derived from a quartz single crystal, as it is mass-manufactured for electronic applications [16,17]. For gas sensing applications the quartz crystal is an external component of an oscillator circuit operating in its fundamental thickness shear mode at a frequency ranging from 1 MHz up to 30 MHz [18]. In view of their acous- Abstract. The performance of new crystalline inclusion hosts as chemical sensitive coatings for the detection of organic solvent vapours was investigated by using 10 MHz thickness shear mode resonators as mass-sensitive transducers. The crystalline host compounds under study consist of a characteristic 9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene framework with appended diarylmethanol clathratogenic groups 1, 2 or an analogous subunit 3. Relating to the selectivity of inclusion formation a database was generated consisting of the calibrated sensor responses from nine substituted versions of this host to each of seven organic solvent vapours (and humidity). From molecular shape, polarity and lipophilicity preferred inclusion selectivity was found for alcohol vapours, in particular for ethanol and methanol, thus tic wave propagation these transducers are denoted as thickness shear mode resonators (TSMR). Frequently used TSMRs operate at a resonant frequency of 10 MHz (quartz plate thickness 168 µm). Roof-Shaped Clathrate Compounds as Novel Coating Materials for the Detection of OrganicFirst theoretical investigations of mass-frequency relation was carried out by Sauerbrey, who derived a linear relationship between the frequency and small added masses onto the active area of the TSMR [19, 20]: with the frequency shift ∆f (in Hertz), and ∆m/A the surface mass loading in grams per square centimetre. The constant C is defined as the mass sensitivity or calibration constant and relates to the fundamental frequency f 0 in Hertz, and two material constants of the quartz crystal (density ρ = 2,650 g/cm 3 , share wave velocity u = 334 000 cm/s). The Sauerbrey equation is valid up to mass changes of 2% of the whole plate mass and the frequency shift, respectively.For the 10 MHz TSMRs used in this study (C = 2,26 10 8 cm 2 Hz -1 g -1 ; A = 0,25 cm 2 ) average shifts due indicating the pre...

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