Chemopreventive Effects of Oral Pterostilbene in Multistage Carcinogenesis of Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mouse Model Induced by DMBA/TPA

Abstract

Skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of non-melanoma skin cancer. Pterostilbene is a natural compound proven to exhibit various pharmacological properties, including chemo-preventive effects. This study aimed to explore the chemo-preventive effect of oral pterostilbene during initiation, promotion or continuous on multistage skin SCC mouse models induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The experimental design consists of five groups of female Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice, with two control groups of vehicle and cancer. Three oral pterostilbene groups consisted of orally administered pterostilbene during initiation, promotion, or continuously. Oral pterostilbene significantly reduced the number and volume of tumours. Oral pterostilbene demonstrated less severe skin histology changes compared to the cancer control group, with less pleomorphic in the cells and nuclei, and the basement membrane remained intact. Our results showed fewer invasive tumours in oral PT-treated groups than in cancer groups that displayed mitotic bodies, highly pleomorphic cells and nuclei, and basement membrane invasion. The cell proliferation marker (Ki-67) was reduced in oral pterostilbene-treated groups. Overall, oral pterostilbene is a promising chemo-preventive intervention due to its anti-initiation and anti-promotion on skin carcinogenesis. Thus, the potential molecular mechanisms of oral pterostilbene chemo-prevention agent should be explored.

Impact of coconut kernel extract on carcinogen-induced skin cancer model: Oxidative stress, C-MYC proto-oncogene and tumor formation

“…The study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activity of CKE against DMBA/TPA-induced skin SCC by protecting cellular mechanisms like reducing oxidative stress and suppressing c-MYC gene expression. SSC, a subtype of NMSC, is the second most prevalent cancer in the world and is distinguished by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation [ 2 , 82 ]. More significantly, the Indian subcontinent has a higher prevalence of SCC [ 11 ].…”

Enhanced Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Pterostilbene (Resveratrol Derivative) in Amorphous Solid Dispersions

“…Numerous studies confirmed PTR’s antioxidant properties through both in vitro and in vivo experiments, demonstrating its preventive and therapeutic potential. PTR’s antioxidant capabilities have been associated with its role in preventing cancer, influencing neurological conditions, reducing inflammation, mitigating vascular diseases, and improving diabetes outcomes [ 2 , 21 , 39 ]. Moreover, the in silico study of PTR activity has been of interest in various biomedical applications [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Pterostilbene-Mediated Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Cell Death Induction in Amelanotic and Melanotic Melanoma

“…The broad spectrum of biological activity of pterostilbene suggests that this compound may have a preventive and therapeutic effect on malignant melanoma. To date, there are only a few reports on the biological activity of pterostilbene in melanoma cells and the mechanism by which pterostilbene can exert potential anticancer effects on skin cancers [ 18 ]. Most anticancer drugs exert their biological activity by inhibition of the cell cycle and induction of programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis [ 7 , 8 ].…”