Chemopreventive Effect of the Germinated Oat and Its Phenolic-AVA Extract in Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium (AOM/DSS) Model of Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice

Abstract

The consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and whole grains has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the content of natural compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activities. The oat (Avena sativa L.) is a unique source of avenanthramides (AVAs), among other compounds, with chemopreventive effects. In addition, oat germination has shown enhanced nutraceutical and phytochemical properties. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of the sprouted oat (SO) and its phenolic-AVA extract (AVA) in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced CRC mouse model. Turquesa oat seeds were germinated (five days at 25 • C and 60% relative humidity) and, after 16 weeks of administration, animals in the SO-and AVA-treated groups had a significantly lower inflammation grade and tumor (38-50%) and adenocarcinoma (38-63%) incidence compared to those of the AOM+DSS group (80%). Although both treatments normalized colonic GST and NQO1 activities as well as erythrocyte GSH levels, and significantly reduced cecal and colonic β-GA, thus indicating an improvement in the intestinal parameters, the inflammatory states, and the redox states of the animals, SO exerted a superior chemopreventive effect, probably due to the synergistic effects of multiple compounds. Our results indicate that oats retain their biological properties even after the germination process.

Transcriptomic and Proteomic Study on the High-Fat Diet Combined With AOM/DSS-Induced Adenomatous Polyps in Mice

“…The pathology of the colon showed dense glands, sieve pore-like structure, obvious dysplasia of glandular epithelial cells, enlargement of nucleus and pathological mitosis, and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration in the stroma, that was in consistent with the morphology of intestinal tubular adenoma, which accounts for 75% of the incidence of human intestinal adenoma. The above phenomena are in consistent with reports in literatures (25)(26)(27). At present, the success of animal modeling evaluated by histopathology can no longer meet the current demand for the pathogenesis of diseases.…”

Polyphenols and avenanthramides extracted from oat ( Avena sativa L.) grains and sprouts modulate genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolisms in 3T3 L1 adipocytes

“…The germination experiment was carried out in triplicate. A non‐germinated sample (oat grain, OG) was used as control (Damazo‐Lima et al., 2020).…”

Multiple Antioxidative and Bioactive Molecules of Oats (Avena sativa L.) in Human Health

“…Amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, and vitamins B1, B2, and E are increased, and minerals and dietary fibers are changed ( Figure 2 ). In addition, physiologically contents of active ingredients such as γ-aminobutyric acid, γ-oryzanol, and arabinoxylan are enhanced [ 123 , 124 , 125 ]. During germination, enzymes are activated, and softening of the grain can lead to improved texture.…”