Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer by Natural Agents: Evidence from Molecular and Epidemiological Studies

Abstract

Background/Aim: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men which remains a global public health issue. Treatment of prostate cancer is becoming increasingly intensive and aggressive, with a corresponding increase in resistance, toxicity and side effects. This has revived an interest in nontoxic and cost-effective preventive strategies including dietary compounds due to the multiple effects they have been shown to have in various oncogenic signalling pathways, with relatively few significant adverse effects. Materials and Methods: To identify such dietary components and micronutrients and define their prostate cancer-specific actions, we systematically reviewed the current literature for the pertinent mechanisms of action and effects on the modulation of prostate carcinogenesis, along with relevant updates from epidemiological and clinical studies. Results: Evidence from various recent experimental, clinical and epidemiological studies indicates that select dietary micronutrients (i.e., lycopene, epigallocatechin gallate, sulforaphane, indole-3-carbinol, resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin & piperine) and zinc play a key role in prostate cancer prevention and progression and therefore hold great promise for the future overall management of prostate cancer. Conclusion: A formulation that comprises these micronutrients using the optimal, safest form and dosing should be investigated in future prostate cancer chemoprevention studies and as part of standard prostate cancer therapy.

Anti-Cancer Activity of Piperine Against Colon Carcinogenesis Via Modulation of NF-κB/Nrf-2/Keap1/HO-1 Signalling Pathways

“…One of the most important pathways involved in in ammation is Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). NF-κB is a redox speci c transcription factor which activates immune and cell detoxi cation systems, endorses the development of pro-in ammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8, promoting tumor growth [40]. NF-κB's enhanced expression may be attributed to chronic in ammation followed by cyclic administration with carcinogen, DMH contribute to colon carcinogenesis.…”

Mechanism of Anti-Cancer Activity of Curcumin on Androgen-Dependent and Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer

“…Since then, a large amount of research exploring the effects of curcumin in cell lines, animal and human models have been conducted worldwide [66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84]. There are plenty of data on curcumin's anti-tumour effects in many other types of cancer, however, evidences regarding the mode of actions of curcumin in PCa are considered limited [85][86][87][88]. For the evaluation of curcumin activity in in vitro model of PCa, the commonly used cells which represents ADPC is LNCaP cells, while PC-3 and DU 145 cells represent AIPC [89,90].…”

Advancements in therapeutic drugs targeting of senescence

“… 160 Epidemiological studies have indicated that resveratrol plays a key role in prostate cancer prevention as dietary micronutrient. 161 Resveratrol also has been reported to extend the lifespans of nematodes and yeast and to prevent age-related diseases in the elderly. 71 – 73 , 162 – 165 Studies have shown that the antioxidant and healthy aging effects of resveratrol may be related to the Sirtuin pathway.…”