Chemoprevention of prostate cancer by diet-derived antioxidant agents and hormonal manipulation (Review)

Pathak, S.; Sharma, Ramjee; Mellon, J. Kilian

doi:10.3892/ijo.22.1.5

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

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Section: Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between diet and disease is already exploited clinically, e.g. in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial to assess the chemoprevention potential of vitamin E and Se in prostate cancer (7)(8)(9) .Despite the importance and potential clinical benefit of these relationships it remains unclear as to what is the critical time-frame when dietary factors may be protective against cancer development, e.g. during embryogenesis, Abbreviations: 1a,25(OH) 2 D 3 , 1a,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol; 25OH-D, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; RE, response elements; VDR, vitamin D receptor.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The vitamin D receptor in cancer

2008

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Over the last 25 years roles have been established for vitamin D receptor (VDR) in influencing cell proliferation and differentiation. For example, murine knock-out approaches have revealed a role for the VDR in controlling mammary gland growth and function. These actions appear widespread, as the enzymes responsible for 1a,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol generation and degradation, and the VDR itself, are all functionally present in a wide range of epithelial and haematopoietic cell types. These findings, combined with epidemiological and functional data, support the concept that local, autocrine and paracrine VDR signalling exerts control over cell-fate decisions in multiple cell types. Furthermore, the recent identification of bile acid lithocholic acid as a VDR ligand underscores the environmental sensing role for the VDR. In vitro and in vivo dissection of VDR signalling in cancers (e.g. breast, prostate and colon) supports a role for targeting the VDR in either chemoprevention or chemotherapy settings. As with other potential therapeutics, it has become clear that cancer cells display de novo and acquired genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of resistance to these actions. Consequently, a range of experimental and clinical options are being developed to bring about more targeted actions, overcome resistance and enhance the efficacy of VDR-centred therapeutics. The cancer burdenThe impact of cancer continues to be one of the greatest burdens in the developed world and is also increasingly impacting on the developing world. Approximately 1 . 5 million individuals will die from breast, colon or prostate cancer this year, and the total number of deaths from cancer accounts for 13 % of all deaths worldwide and for one in every four deaths in the UK and USA (1) . The impact is also economic; $280 · 10 9 is spent annually worldwide on the treatment of patients. Many cancers are however preventable, and through lifestyle choices such as smoking, diet and exercise the worldwide incidence of cancer could be cut by 40 % (2,3) . Major risk factors for cancer DietRecently, the appreciation of the impact of diet on cancer has come to the fore, with a number of studies establishing unequivocal relationships between diet and cancer initiation and progression. Reflecting the accumulation of these data, the WHO has now stated that diet forms the secondmost preventable cause of cancer (after smoking) (3) . This impact will rise further as a result of demographic factors, and quite possibly because of changing dietary habits worldwide, which will contribute further to the projected increase in cancer incidence in developing nations. Highprofile malignancies such as breast, prostate, and colon cancer typify this scenario, in which the aetiology of the disease reflects the cumulative impact of dietary factors over an individual's lifetime (4)(5)(6) . The relationship between diet and disease is already exploited clinically, e.g. in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial to assess the chemoprevention potential of vitamin E ...

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Section: Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The vitamin D receptor in cancer

2008

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“…Epidemiologic and case-control studies suggest that these preclinical cell culture and animal data may have relevance to prostate cancer patients (14,15). Many other dietary agents in cell culture and animal studies are showing promise against prostate cancer (16,17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Dietary Triterpene Lupeol Induces Fas-Mediated Apoptotic Death of Androgen-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Cells and Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Xenograft Model

Saleem

Kweon²,

Yun³

et al. 2005

Cancer Research

120

113

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In prostate cancer, a fine balance between cell proliferation and apoptotic death is lost, resulting in increased cellular mass and tumor progression. One approach to redress this imbalance and control this malignancy is its preventive intervention through the use of dietary natural agents. Here, we investigated the growth-inhibitory effect and associated mechanisms of Lupeol, a triterpene present in fruits and vegetables, in androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cells. Lupeol treatment resulted in significant inhibition of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and caused apoptotic death of prostate cancer cells. Lupeol was found to induce the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase protein and degradation of acinus protein with a significant increase in the expression of FADD protein. Among all death receptor targets examined, Lupeol specifically caused a significant increase in the expression of Fas receptor. The small interfering RNAmediated silencing of the Fas gene and inhibition of caspase-6, caspase-8, and caspase-9 by their specific inhibitors confirmed that Lupeol specifically activates the Fas receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. The treatment of cells with a combination of anti-Fas monoclonal antibody and Lupeol resulted in higher cell death compared with the additive effect of the two compounds alone, suggesting a synergistic effect. Lupeol treatment resulted in a significant inhibition in growth of tumors with concomitant reduction in prostate-specific antigen secretion in athymic nude mice implanted with CWR22RN1 cells. Because early clinical prostate cancer growth is an androgendependent response, the results of the present study suggest that Lupeol may have a potential to be an effective agent against prostate cancer.

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“…A number of ROS-trapping antioxidants have shown a protective potential against experimental prostate carcinogenesis, thus confirming oxidative stress as a valid target for prostate cancer chemoprevention (42,44). Many of these antioxidants, including lycopene, also act as inhibitors of cancer cell proliferation, thus indicating that they possess the therapeutic potential as well (45,46).…”

Section: Cancer Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Tomato Lycopene and Ketosamine against Rat Prostate Tumorigenesis

2008

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Prior investigations on the beneficial effect of dietary processed tomato products and lycopene on prostate cancer risk suggested that lycopene may require the presence of other constituents to exert its chemopreventive potential. We investigated whether ketosamines, a group of carbohydrate derivatives present in dehydrated tomato products, may interact with lycopene against prostate tumorigenesis. One ketosamine, FruHis, strongly synergized with lycopene against proliferation of the highly metastatic rat prostate adenocarcinoma MAT-LyLu cell line in vitro. The FruHis/lycopene combination significantly inhibited in vivo tumor formation by MAT-LyLu cells in syngeneic Copenhagen rats. Energybalanced diets, supplemented with tomato paste, tomato powder, or tomato paste plus FruHis, were fed to Wistar-Unilever rats (n = 20 per group) treated with N-nitroso-N-methylurea and testosterone to induce prostate carcinogenesis. Survival from carcinogenesis was lowest in the control group (median survival time, 40 weeks) and highest in the group fed the tomato paste/FruHis diet (51 weeks; P = 0.004, versus control). The proportions of dying rats with macroscopic prostate tumors in the control, tomato paste, tomato powder, and tomato paste/FruHis groups were 63% (12 of 19), 39% (5 of 13), 43% (6 of 14), and 18% (2 of 11), respectively. FruHis completely blocked DNA oxidative degradation at >250 Mmol/L in vitro, whereas neither ascorbate nor phenolic antioxidants from tomato were effective protectors in this assay. FruHis, therefore, may exert tumor-preventive effect through its antioxidant activity and interaction with lycopene. [Cancer Res 2008;68(11):4384-91]

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Chemoprevention of prostate cancer by diet-derived antioxidant agents and hormonal manipulation (Review)

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

The vitamin D receptor in cancer

The vitamin D receptor in cancer

A Novel Dietary Triterpene Lupeol Induces Fas-Mediated Apoptotic Death of Androgen-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Cells and Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Xenograft Model

Interaction of Tomato Lycopene and Ketosamine against Rat Prostate Tumorigenesis

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