Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer With Vitamins and Micronutrients: A Concise Review

Abstract

We identified 4 vitamins: i) vitamin D3, ii) folate, iii) vitamin B6, and iv) beta carotene, 2 spices: i) curcumin and ii) piperine and 5 micronutrients: i) sulforaphane, ii) indole-3carbinol, iii) quercetin, iv) epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) 983 This article is freely accessible online.

Quercetin Loaded Monolaurate Sugar Esters-Based Niosomes: Sustained Release and Mutual Antioxidant—Hepatoprotective Interplay

“…This study confirms the ability of quercetin loaded niosomes to reverse CCl 4 intoxication and to carry out an antioxidant effect.Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 143 2 of 18 and anticancer activities [1][2][3]. These intrinsic properties, together with their biocompatibility and remarkable antioxidant activity, have attracted researchers' attention to explore potential therapeutic applications [4,5].Quercetin (3, 30, 4, 5, 7-pentahydroxyflavone) is probably the most studied bioflavonoid, belonging to the family of flavonols; its therapeutic applications include hepatoprotection [6], prevention of neural cell apoptosis [7] and cancer chemo-prevention and treatment [8].Quercetin acts as strong antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and transition metal ions, thus decreasing the process of lipid peroxidation, which is responsible for the development of many diseases, e.g., cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as liver damage [9][10][11].However, quercetin therapeutic applications present challenges due to (i) low aqueous solubility, (ii) photo and oxidative degradability, (iii) high first-pass effect, (iv) poor intestinal absorption and, hence, low systemic bioavailability [12][13][14][15].In order to overcome these problems, which are common among flavonoids, drug delivery systems (DDS) including emulsions, cyclodextrins, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles and liposomes have been used to enhance their pharmaceutical properties [16][17][18].Out of various DDS, niosomes are similar to liposomes in structures, preparation techniques, and physical properties. Niosomes possessed many advantages, including (i) biocompatibility, (ii) improved stability, (iii) non-immunogenicity, (iv) sustained drug release and (v) low preparation cost [19][20][21][22].Non-ionic surfactants, which present high safety and biocompatibility, have been selected over ionic surfactants for the preparation of these vesicles because anionic and cationic charges presented irritant and cytotoxic effects, respectively [23,24].Non-ionic surfactants are comprised of both polar and nonpolar segments and possess high interfacial activity.…”

“…Quercetin (3, 30, 4, 5, 7-pentahydroxyflavone) is probably the most studied bioflavonoid, belonging to the family of flavonols; its therapeutic applications include hepatoprotection [6], prevention of neural cell apoptosis [7] and cancer chemo-prevention and treatment [8].…”

The Induction of Antioxidant Catalase Enzyme With Decrease of Plasma Malonidialdehyde: An Important Reactive Oxidative Species Inhibiting Mechanism

“…The negative effects of ROS/RNS can be neutralized by substances known as antioxidants. Living cells contain large number of antioxidants, vitamin C and E, carotenoids and flavonoids (21,22). Interestingly, oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) extracted from grape seeds have been shown to have higher antioxidant capability than vitamin C or E (21).…”

Adipocyte of Obese Breast Cancer Patients Is Characterized by The Overexpression of Caveolin-1 Protein/Mediator the Main Constituent of the Plasma Membrane Vesicles Caveolae That Contain Proteins Contribute to Breast Cancer Progression

“…Women with breast cancer (BC) remains the second lethal form of cancer disrupts the female's lives over the world after lung cancer (Torre, Bray, Siegel, & Ferlay, 2015;Yedjou et al, 2019). BC affects more than one woman in ten globally (Yedjou et al, 2019) resulted in nearly over 2 million cases of BC annually (MOKBEL & MOKBEL, 2019).…”

“…In Egypt, 32% of all newly diagnosed cancer among women in B C with a high mortality rate represents 15% of worldwide deaths per year (Ibrahim, Khaled, Mikhail, Baraka, & Kamel, 2014;Yehia Ibrahim, 2019).…”