Chemopreventative Potential of the Cruciferous Vegetable Constituent Phenethyl Isothiocyanate in a Mouse Model of Prostate Cancer

Abstract

In this transgenic model, dietary PEITC suppressed prostate cancer progression by induction of autophagic cell death. Potential biomarkers to assess the response to PEITC treatment in plasma were identified.

Enhancement of Broccoli Indole Glucosinolates by Methyl Jasmonate Treatment and Effects on Prostate Carcinogenesis

“…12 Further, there was a decreased incidence of PD cancers when TRAMP mice received *15 lmol of phenethyl isothiocyanate per day in their diet. 23 These effective outcomes, compared with the present study, suggest that the effects of a complex mixture of glucosinolates within whole broccoli may be quite different from the effects of pharmacological doses of a pure compound such as I3C.…”

“…For example, a diet containing 1% I3C significantly reduced genitourinary tract weight 11 and TRAMP mice gavaged with 3 lmol of DIM had an increased incidence of PIN and a decreased incidence of WD carcinoma, indicating a slowing of prostate cancer progression. 13 Additionally several other studies that treated TRAMP mice with individual phytochemicals found in broccoli or broccoli sprouts have also observed reductions in prostate carcinogenesis 12,23,24 (Table 5 and personal communication with Dr. Emily Ho, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, April 16, 2011). Reduction in the incidence of PIN and WD carcinomas was observed when TRAMP mice were gavaged with 6 lmol sulforaphane every other day.…”

“…[11][12][13]23 Consumption of MeJA broccoli resulted in potent induction of CYP1A in the liver; however, consumption of both standard broccoli and MeJA-treated broccoli failed to reduce prostate carcinogenesis. This is in contrast to previous studies that demonstrate that I3C and DIM (both breakdown products of the indole glucosinolate glucobrassicin and known CYP1A inducers) can reduce prostate carcinogenesis 11,13 (Table 5).…”

Cruciferous vegetables intake and risk of prostate cancer: A meta‐analysis

“…25 The cancer-protective effects of cruciferous vegetables likely involve complex interactions of multiple mechanisms, and most research to date has focused on the capacity of cruciferous vegetable ingredients to alter biotransformation enzyme expression and activities. Isothiocyanates, a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of prostate cancer through induction of phase I and phase II 26 suggesting that cruciferous vegetables are most important in the early stages of prostate cancer. Interestingly, the inverse association seems to be stronger for advanced stages of cancer.…”

“…In recent studies, isothiocyanates, including phenethyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane, have also been shown to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth and induction of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by repression of androgen receptor and induction of endogenous cyclin-dependent kinase. [26][27][28][29][30][31] In addition, other chemicals derived from cruciferous vegetables, such as 3,3′-diindolylmethane, have been shown to act similarly on prostate cancer. 32,33 The present study had important limitations.…”