“…There is considerable concern with respect to the adsorption–desorption of HMs from adsorbents in the adsorption system due to the change in pH and salinity. A number of studies have been conducted on the impact of saline concentration on the removal capacity of an adsorbent, , and most of the previous studies have worked on the efficacy of the adsorbent in a single-solute system, ,, with simplified matrices and important environmental parameters , (e.g., salinity, pH, single and binary solute systems of Pb(II) and Cd(II)); the effect of other ionic species and environmental aspects were not considered. Salinity plays an important role in shrimp aquaculture farming, as changes in salinity can reduce growth performance, induce stress, lead to a low rate of survival, and seriously disturb the osmoregulation system of cultured species .…”