Chemometrics approach to FT-IR hyperspectral imaging analysis of degradation products in artwork cross-section

Capobianco, Giuseppe; Bracciale, Maria Paola; Sali, Diego; Sbardella, Francesca; Belloni, Paolo; Bonifazi, Giuseppe; Serranti, Silvia; Santarelli, María Laura; Guidi, M. Cestelli

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2017.01.007

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…In these cases, spectral corrections cannot be applied, and the reflection spectra are quite challenging to interpret and cannot readily be compared to standard transmission/absorption reference databases. Several articles have reported chemometric methods including principal component analysis to map paint components using uncorrected reflectance spectra [23,24,35]. However, as shown here, the use of highly polished samples in which specular reflection is dominant can allow for KKT spectral transformations to be applied to generate transmission/absorption-like spectra, which significantly facilitate the identification of the components in the paint layers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared chemical mapping of degradation products in cross-sections from paintings and painted objects

Henderson¹,

Helwig²,

Read

et al. 2019

Herit Sci

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Paintings and painted objects are quite susceptible to degradation, as paint layers are usually composed of complex mixtures of materials that can participate in chemical degradation processes. The identification of the constituent materials in paint (including binders, pigments, and fillers) and the degradation products within paint layers is of particular importance to ensuring the conservation of paintings, by providing important information both about their material history as well as their state of conservation. Metal fatty acid salts (metal soaps) are degradation products that can form in situ from interactions between inorganic pigments and free fatty acids in oil-based binding media, and can cause significant condition issues in paintings. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is one of the leading analytical techniques for the study of metal soaps. In this article, the materials analysis of several cross-sections from paintings and painted objects from works in Canadian collections is presented. Recent results on the use of external reflection FTIR (R-FTIR) spectroscopy to identify and map the distribution of paint components and metal soap degradation products is presented. In particular, zinc, lead, calcium, and copper fatty acid salts were all readily identified in paint cross-sections by R-FTIR spectroscopy, along with several pigments and the oil binding medium. The results shown here are among the first detailed examinations of these metal soaps in paint cross-sections using R-FTIR spectroscopy. The use of highly polished samples in which specular reflection is dominant allowed for spectral transformations to be applied to generate transmission/absorption-like spectra which facilitated identification of these species. The distribution of these species across the cross-sections was mapped by integrating characteristic absorption features in the R-FTIR spectra. Attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy was also performed on several samples, which provided additional compositional details at the interface of paint layers and degradation products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared chemical mapping of degradation products in cross-sections from paintings and painted objects

Henderson¹,

Helwig²,

Read

et al. 2019

Herit Sci

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“…Wood surfaces exposed to solar UV radiation routinely need to be protected from discolouration and other damage. 458 Surface protection of wood with coatings that contain fillers is a popular strategy to control discolouration of wood exposed outdoors.…”

Section: The Use Of Nano-powders As a Protective Surface Coating Is A Promising Approach To Stabilise Wood Used Outdoors And That Is Expomentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017

Bernhard

Neale

Barnes

et al. 2018

Photochem Photobiol Sci

189

107

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The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels of experts that inform the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. The EEAP focuses on the effects of UV radiation on human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, air quality, and materials, as well as on the interactive effects of UV radiation and global climate change. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than previously held. Because of the Montreal Protocol, there are now indications of the beginnings of a recovery of stratospheric ozone, although the time required to reach levels like those before the 1960s is still uncertain, particularly as the effects of stratospheric ozone on climate change and vice versa, are not yet fully understood. Some regions will likely receive enhanced levels of UV radiation, while other areas will likely experience a reduction in UV radiation as ozone- and climate-driven changes affect the amounts of UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Like the other Panels, the EEAP produces detailed Quadrennial Reports every four years; the most recent was published as a series of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter Update Reports of recent and relevant scientific findings. The most recent of these was for 2016 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2017, 16, 107-145). The present 2017 Update Report assesses some of the highlights and new insights about the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. A full 2018 Quadrennial Assessment, will be made available in 2018/2019.

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“…e ATR-FTIR spectrum revealed that parchment support was gelatinized, as confirmed by the presence of a band at 1030 cm −1 due to C-O-C stretching of the saccharide structure of the gelatin [29,30]. In this parchment are present also gypsum (CaSO 4 [31]. e presence of gypsum can be attributed to different sources: (a) it can be added during the treatment of the parchment [1], and (b) it can be formed from the reaction between the sulphates migrated from the ink to the ink-free parchment and the Ca ions [4,6].…”

Section: E Parchmentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Characterization and Digital Restauration of XIV-XV Centuries Written Parchments by Means of Nondestructive Techniques: Three Case Studies

Pronti

Perino

Cursi

et al. 2018

Journal of Spectroscopy

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Parchment is the primary writing medium of the majority of documents with cultural importance. Unfortunately, this material suffers of several mechanisms of degradation that affect its chemical-physical structure and the readability of text. Due to the unique and delicate character of these objects, the use of nondestructive techniques is mandatory. In this work, three partially degraded handwritten parchments dating back to the XIV-XV centuries were analyzed by means of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, µ-ATR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and reflectance and UV-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. e elemental and molecular results provided the identification of the inks, pigments, and superficial treatments. In particular, all manuscripts have been written with iron gall inks, while the capital letters have been realized with cinnabar and azurite. Furthermore, multispectral UV fluorescence imaging and multispectral VIS-NIR imaging proved to be a good approach for the digital restoration of manuscripts that suffer from the loss of inked areas or from the presence of brown spotting. Indeed, using ultraviolet radiation and collecting the images at different spectral ranges is possible to enhance the readability of the text, while by illuminating with visible light and by collecting the images at longer wavelengths, the hiding effect of brown spots can be attenuated.

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Chemometrics approach to FT-IR hyperspectral imaging analysis of degradation products in artwork cross-section

Cited by 37 publications

References 55 publications

Infrared chemical mapping of degradation products in cross-sections from paintings and painted objects

Infrared chemical mapping of degradation products in cross-sections from paintings and painted objects

Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017

Characterization and Digital Restauration of XIV-XV Centuries Written Parchments by Means of Nondestructive Techniques: Three Case Studies

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