Chemometrics and elemental mapping by portable LIBS to identify the impact of volcanogenic and non-volcanogenic degradation sources on the mural paintings of Pompeii

Pérez-Diez, Silvia; Fernández‐Menéndez, Luis Javier; Veneranda, Marco; Morillas, Héctor; Prieto‐Taboada, Nagore; Vallejuelo, Silvia Fdez‐Ortiz de; Bordel, Nerea; Martellone, Alberta; Nigris, Bruno De; Osanna, Massimo; Madariaga, Juan Manuel; Maguregui, Maite

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2021.338565

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Both calomel and gypsum were also detected in the whitish drips (see Figure 4 a). In a previous study, thanks to portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) mapping of the mural paintings of the House of the Golden Cupids, 25 it was possible to assess that this predella was the most Cl-impacted painted surface among those considered in the study.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is also guaranteed due to the previously assessed influence of groundwater in this archeological site. 4 , 25 …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is associated with their heterogeneous distribution in the walls. 25 Characterization of Dark Stains on Cinnabar in Painting Fragments Buried and Protected from the 79 AD Eruption. Samples 3T and Red A, recovered from the deposit of the House of Marcus Lucretius, were also studied to observe possible differences in the state of conservation of cinnabar not exposed to the 79 AD eruption and to the atmosphere since their recovery from the excavations.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is also guaranteed due to the previously assessed influence of groundwater in this archeological site. 4,25 Whereas certain authors concluded that this phenomenon takes place under abiotic conditions, others held that microorganisms control Mn precipitation 35 (biomineralization of Mn).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that in some cases the standard deviation related to Cl and S normalized counts is high (see Table S4). This is associated with their heterogeneous distribution in the walls …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When Red Turns Black: Influence of the 79 AD Volcanic Eruption and Burial Environment on the Blackening/Darkening of Pompeian Cinnabar

et al. 2021

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It is widely known that the vivid hue of red cinnabar can darken or turn black. Many authors have studied this transformation, but only a few in the context of the archeological site of Pompeii. In this work, the co-occurrence of different degradation patterns associated with Pompeian cinnabar-containing fresco paintings (alone or in combination with red/yellow ocher pigments) exposed to different types of environments (pre- and post-79 AD atmosphere) is reported. Results obtained from the in situ and laboratory multianalytical methodology revealed the existence of diverse transformation products in the Pompeian cinnabar, consistent with the impact of the environment. The effect of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide emitted during the 79 AD eruption on the cinnabar transformation was also evaluated by comparing the experimental evidence found on paintings exposed and not exposed to the post-79 AD atmosphere. Our results highlight that not all the darkened areas on the Pompeian cinnabar paintings are related to the transformation of the pigment itself, as clear evidence of darkening associated with the presence of manganese and iron oxide formation (rock varnish) on fragments buried before the 79 AD eruption has also been found.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is also guaranteed due to the previously assessed influence of groundwater in this archeological site. 4 , 25 …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that in some cases the standard deviation related to Cl and S normalized counts is high (see Table S4). This is associated with their heterogeneous distribution in the walls …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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