Chemometric comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl residues and toxicologically active polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in the eggs of Forster's Terns (Sterna fosteri)

Schwartz, Ted R.; Stalling, David L.

doi:10.1007/bf01055903

Cited by 85 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Following the recommendations of Schwartz & Stalling (1991), the data were further transformed using log,(x+ l ) to reduce the influence of closure. Finally, each variable was scaled so as to have a mean of 0 and a variance of 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographical differences in organochlorine contaminants in harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena from the western North Atlantic

Westgate¹,

Tolley²

1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Organochlorine contaminants, includng polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated bornanes (CHBs), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs), chlordanes (CHLORs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and, chlorobenzenes (CBZs) were quantified in 188 harbour porpoises (Phocoenaphocoena) killed in commercial fisheries in the coastal waters of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland (n = 29), the Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec (Gulf of St. Lawrence) (n = 58), Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick (Bay of Fundy) (n = 86), and Jeffreys Ledge in the Gulf of Maine (n = 15). Levels were compared to determine if there were systematic differences in the organochlorine (OC) contaminant composition of harbour porpoises from these areas (Newfoundland, St. Lawrence, Bay of Fundy-Gulf of Maine) in the western North Atlantic. Bivariate analyses run on all 188 individuals showed both Fundy-Maine and St. Lawrence males had significantly hlgher levels of CHLORs, DDTs, PCBs and CHBs than Newfoundland males. Fundy-Maine males also had significantly higher levels of CHLORs and PCBs than those from the St. Lawrence and St. Lawrence males had significantly higher levels of HCHs than males from Fundy-Maine. Females from Fundy-Maine had significantly higher levels of total PCB than both St. Lawrence and Newfoundland females. Total DDT levels were significantly h g h e r in FundyMaine and St. Lawrence females than those from Newfoundland. Total CHLOR values were sigmficantly hlgher in Fundy-Maine than in Newfoundland females. Multivariate analysis, run on a subset consisting of 100 immature harbour porpoises showed significant differences among the group centroids on both discriminant functions (Wilks' Lambda; p c 0.001) demonstrating that these geographic groups are distinguishable based on OC levels. These results indicate that delineating the western North Atlantic harbour porpoise population into sub-populations defined as Newfoundland, Gulf of St. Lawrence and Bay of Fundy-Gulf of Maine is appropriate.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To simplify the final interpretation, the varimax rotation was used and only those principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1.0 were extracted. This technique is suited to chemometric comparisons and is described by Schwartz & Stalling (1991) and Storr-Hansen & Spliid (1993).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical differences in organochlorine contaminants in harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena from the western North Atlantic

Westgate¹,

Tolley²

1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The application of chemometrics to identify and distinguish chemical``fingerprint'' patterns has been an important tool to describe the similarities and differences among environmental samples. It provides a classification method for ascertaining the identity of samples and determining the most significant chemical constituents or physical attributes among different samples (Dunn et al, 1984;Stalling et al, 1985;Schwartz and Stalling, 1991;Wenning et al, 1993 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fingerprinting PCB patterns among Mohawk women

Hwang

Yang

Fitzgerald

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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This study examined the association of contaminated fish consumption and polychlorinated biphenyl ( PCB ) body burden by comparing the similarity of the congener pattern in yellow perch, caught near the point source of industrial pollution, and in other local fish to the pattern found in the breast milk of Mohawk women from Akwesasne, a Native American community located along the St. Lawrence River in New York, Ontario, and Quebec. The similarity is defined by the weighted Euclidean distance between two congener patterns. Ninety -seven Mohawk mothers participated and provided samples of breast milk. One hundred fifty -four nursing women from the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children ( WIC ) of Warren and Schoharie counties, New York, who gave birth during the same time period, were used as the comparison group. Results revealed that the breast milk of the Mohawk women, who ate the most local fish, had a congener pattern that more closely resembled that of perch caught near the waste site or average sampled fish caught in the Reserve than Mohawk women who ate less fish or the controls. The outcome demonstrates how PCBs may be``fingerprinted'' as they migrate offsite from industrial sources and ultimately result in human exposure.

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“…As many as nine concentrations of standards, ranging from 0.03-30 ng/mL (PCB congeners), 0.1-80 ng/mL (OCPs), and 2-200 ng/mL (PBDE congeners), were used for component identification and internal standard calibration. Potential analyte peaks were identified on one column and confirmed on the second column wherever possible (Schwartz and Stalling, 1991).…”

Section: Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Principal Components are bilinear projection models constructed by decomposing a class data matrix into score, loading, and residuals matrices (Schwartz and Stalling, 1991). The objective was to build models for each class of contaminant, projecting the n-dimensional pattern or profile of the contaminant dataset onto two or three dimensions for interpretation of the relations between samples.…”

Section: Principal Components Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenylethers, and organochlorine pesticides in Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus) from offshore oil platforms and natural reefs along the California coast

Gale¹,

Tanner²,

Love³

et al. 2013

Open-File Report

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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS.For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprodTo order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. 2 University of California, Santa Barbara, Marine Sciences Institute, Santa Barbara, California.3 Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Pacific Region, Camarillo, California. AbstractRecently, the relative exposure of Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus) to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at oil-production platforms was reported, indicating negligible exposure to PAHs and no discernible differences between exposures at platforms and nearby natural areas sites. In this report, the potential for chronic PAH exposure in fish is reported, by measurement of recalcitrant, higher molecular weight PAHs in tissues of fish previously investigated for PAH metabolites in bile. A total of 34 PAHs (20 PAHs, 11 alkylated PAHs, and 3 polycyclic aromatic thiophenes) were targeted. In addition, legacy contaminants-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs),-and current contaminants, polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) linked to endocrine disruption, were measured by gas chromatography with electron-capture or mass spectrometric detection, to form a more complete picture of the contaminant-related status of fishes at oil production platforms in the Southern California Bight. No hydrocarbon profiles or unresolved complex hydrocarbon background were found in fish from platforms and from natural areas, and concentrations of aliphatics were low less than 100 nanograms per gram (ng/g) per component]. Total-PAH concentrations in fish ranged from 15 to 37 ng/g at natural areas and from 8.7 to 22 ng/g at platforms. Profiles of PAHs were similar at all natural and platform sites, consisting mainly of naphthalene and methylnaphthalenes, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene. Total-PCB concentrations (excluding non-ortho-chloro-substituted congeners) in fish were low, ranging from 7 to 22 ng/g at natural areas and from 10 to 35 ng/g at platforms. About 50 percent of the total-PCBs at all sites consisted of 11 congeners: 153 > 138/163/164 > 110 > 118 > 15 > 99 > 187 > 149 > 180. Most OCPs, except dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)-related compounds, were not detectable or were at concentrations of less than 1 ng/g in fish. p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDE) ranged from 5.6 to 33 ng/g at natural areas and from 17 to 76 ng/g at platform...

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Chemometric comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl residues and toxicologically active polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in the eggs of Forster's Terns (Sterna fosteri)

Cited by 85 publications

References 28 publications

Geographical differences in organochlorine contaminants in harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena from the western North Atlantic

Geographical differences in organochlorine contaminants in harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena from the western North Atlantic

Fingerprinting PCB patterns among Mohawk women

Comparison of aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenylethers, and organochlorine pesticides in Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus) from offshore oil platforms and natural reefs along the California coast

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