Chemometric classification of gunshot residues based on energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and inductively coupled plasma analysis with mass-spectrometric detection

Steffen, Sylvia; Otto, M. Alexander; Niewoehner, Ludwig; Barth, Martin; Brożek‐Mucha, Zuzanna; Biegstraaten, J.; Horvath, Raphael

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2007.04.005

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The measuring conditions are summarized in Table II. For microanalysis, GSR particles were collected from shootings as described previously [5] by using commercially available half inch sample stubs prepared with a conductive carbon adhesive tape. To guarantee a conductive surface the samples were additionally carbon-coated before analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown recently [4,5] classification of ammunition brands based on EDX-spectra was most successful by applying RDA as introduced by Friedman [1]. Although RDA has been considered only a few times among the chemometrics community [6][7][8] it is one of the most powerful classification approaches.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, this approach has been used by us in a former work [5] and Bayesian probability densities have also been computed in classifications by orthogonal PLS (OPLS) discriminant analysis [9].…”

Section: Quality Parameters For Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visualization of quality parameters for classification of spectra in shooting crimes

Knauthe

Steffen

Barth

et al. 2008

Journal of Chemometrics

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X-ray emission spectra from gunshot residues (GSR) are evaluated in order to assign them to a certain ammunition brand. Classification is based on regularized discriminant analysis (RDA) providing class information as well as additional parameters for judging the quality of an assignment. For visualization of measures such as the posterior probability, distance to centre or inverse Mahalanobis distances different approaches are explored and their common interpretation is evaluated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visualization of quality parameters for classification of spectra in shooting crimes

Knauthe

Steffen

Barth

et al. 2008

Journal of Chemometrics

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“…Analyses of inorganic compounds commonly used scanning electron microscope energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS) [12][13][14][15], sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (SF-ICP-MS) [6], inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer analysis (ICP-AES), ion beam analysis particle induced x-ray emission (IBA-PIXE) [7], Raman spectroscopy [2], capillary electrophoresis [16], ion chromatography [17], differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) [8], cyclic voltammetry [4] and abrasive stripping voltammetry (AbrSV) [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Determination in Gunshot Residue by Cyclic Voltammetric and Inductive Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy

Hashim

Zain

Jaafar

2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Analysis of gunshot residue (GSR) is a crucial evidences for a forensic analyst in the fastest way. GSR analysis insists a suitable method provides a relatively simple, rapid and precise information on the spot at the crime scene. Therefore, the analysis of Cu(II) in GSR using cyclic voltammetry (CV) on screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) is a better choice compared to previous alternative methods such as Inductive Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) those required a long time for analysis. SPCE is specially designed to handle with microvolumes of sample such as GSR sample. It gives advantages for identification of copper in GSR on-site preliminary test to prevent the sample loss on the process to be analyzed in the laboratory. SPCE was swabbed directly on the shooter's arm immediately after firing and acetate buffer was dropped on SPCE before CV analysis. For ICP-OES analysis, cotton that had been soaked in 0.5 M nitric acid was swabbed on the shooter's arm immediately after firing and kept in a tightly closed sampling tube. Gold coated SPCE that had been through nanoparticles modification exhibits excellent performance on voltammograms. The calibration was linear from 1 to 50 ppm of copper, the limit of detection for copper was 0.3 ppm and a relative standard deviation was 6.1 %. The method was successfully applied to the determination of copper in GSR. The Cu determination on SPCE was compared and validated by ICP-OES method with 94 % accuracy.

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“…Several others techniques have also been evaluated to determine elements in gunshot residues collected from a specific area of a hand, each exhibiting advantages and drawbacks, such as neutron activation analysis (NAA), 18 flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), 19 graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), 20 anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), 21 differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), 22 proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), 23 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 24,25 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES), 26 photoluminescence spectroscopy 27 and fluorescence microscopy. 28 Due to the need for a rapid and sensitive method at low cost, there has been great interest in alternative methods capable of furnishing simultaneous elemental analysis of higher specificity for gunshot residue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gunshot residues: screening analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Silva¹,

Cortez²,

Pasquini³

et al. 2009

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A espectroscopia de emissão em plasma induzido por laser (LIBS) foi avaliada para a detecção de resíduos de disparo de arma de fogo (GSR) nas mãos de um suspeito. Para desenvolver o procedimento, 114 amostras foram obtidas pressionando um pequeno pedaço de fita adesiva contra a região dorsal das mãos de não-atiradores, atiradores após o disparo e de atiradores após terem lavado as mãos com sabão e água. As fitas foram analisadas diretamente em um equipamento LIBS baseado em um policromador echelle com resolução temporal construído em laboratório. Os espectros foram obtidos a partir da aplicação de um único pulso de laser em 20 locações diferentes, espalhadas uniformemente sobre a superfície da fita, para assegurar uma amostragem eficiente na detecção de resíduos de disparo. Os espectros mostram uma assinatura com linhas de emissão características de bário e chumbo. Quando os dados espectrais foram submetidos à técnica de reconhecimento de padrão SIMCA (Modelagem Independente e Flexível por Analogia de Classe), atiradores e não-atiradores foram corretamente classificados. O método baseado em LIBS e SIMCA demonstrou ser não-destrutivo da evidência do crime e permitiu discriminar as amostras coletadas de voluntários não-atiradores e atiradores, mesmo após a lavagem das mãos.Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is further developed for the detection of gunshot residue (GSR) on the hands of a suspected shooter. To develop the procedure, 114 samples were obtained by pressing a small piece of adhesive tape against the dorsal region of the hands of nonshooters, of shooters just after firing a weapon, and of shooters after washing their hands with soap and water. The tapes were analyzed directly in a time-resolved echelle based LIBS system, assembled in the laboratory, and 20 single laser pulses, spread uniformly on the tape surface, were shown to be enough to ensure the detection of true positives. The spectra obtained by LIBS from the tape present a signature with emission lines that are attributed to barium and lead. After the spectral data was submitted to a pattern recognition method SIMCA (Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy), shooters and non-shooters were corrected classified. The method based on LIBS and SIMCA has been demonstrated to be non-destructive of crime evidence and enabled discrimination between the samples collected from non-shooter volunteers and shooter volunteers before and after washing their hands.Keywords: laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, gunshot residues, SIMCA, screening analysis, LIBS IntroductionGunshot residues (GSR) evidence has been considered essential during recent decades in forensic science as it makes it possible to determine if a suspect has fired, been in crime location or come into contact with a firearm.Despite the recent advances in the production of the so called clean ammunitions and well sealed guns, the use of cheap and widespread standard fire arms and propulsive charge remains associated with the majority of hand-armed crimes.1 At the moment of shooting ...

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Chemometric classification of gunshot residues based on energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and inductively coupled plasma analysis with mass-spectrometric detection

Cited by 48 publications

References 5 publications

Visualization of quality parameters for classification of spectra in shooting crimes

Visualization of quality parameters for classification of spectra in shooting crimes

Copper Determination in Gunshot Residue by Cyclic Voltammetric and Inductive Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy

Gunshot residues: screening analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

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