Chemometric Characterization of Strawberries and Blueberries according to Their Phenolic Profile: Combined Effect of Cultivar and Cultivation System

Abstract

Chemical characterizations of leaves and fruits that were obtained from organically and integrally produced strawberries (′Favette′, ′Alba′, and ′Clery′) and blueberries (′Bluecrop′, ′Duke′, and ′Nui′) from western Serbia were undertaken in this study. Phenolic analysis was done while using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a linear ion trap-Orbitrap hybrid mass analyzer, while total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and radical-scavenging activity (RSA) by spectrophotometry. In general, leaves and fruits from blueberry showed higher levels of TPC and TAC as compared to strawberry. These chemical traits were larger in organic grown fruits and larger in leaves than fruits. The most abundant phenolics in leaves and fruits of blueberry was 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, followed by quercetin 3-O-galactoside, while catechin, quercetin, and kaempferol 3-O-glucosid were dominant in the leaves and fruits of strawberry. cis, trans-Abscisic acid was detected in all fruit samples, but not in leaves. Blueberries (both fruits and leaves) were separated from strawberries, but only organic blueberry fruits were distinguished from integrated fruits, according to principal component analysis. Quercetin, kaempferol, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, p-coumaric acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were the most influential phenolic compounds for the separation. Much higher contents of TPC, RSA, TAC, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, and quercetin were found in fruits and TPC, RSA, catechin, p-hydroxybenzoicacid, p-coumaricacid, and ferulic acid in leaves in all three blueberry cultivars and the strawberry cultivar ′Clery′. These phenolic compounds are good sources of antioxidant compounds with potentially high beneficial effects on human health.

Strawberry agro-industrial by-products as a source of bioactive compounds: effect of cultivar on the phenolic profile and the antioxidant capacity

“…The TPC determined for the three strawberry cultivar by-products were lower than those reported by Simirgiotis et al (2009) for Chilean wild strawberry sepals (20 g GAE/Kg) but higher than the phenolic-rich extracts obtained from blueberry leaves (8.59 g GAE/Kg), and green currant leaves (1.97 g GAE/Kg) (Fotirić Akšić et al 2019;Raudsepp et al 2010). Interestingly, the TPC obtained from the by-products of these three strawberry cultivars were higher than that determined in the own fruits.…”

Preventive Applications of Polyphenols in Dentistry—A Review

“…Active polyphenolic substances in Inula viscosa tea are the flavonoid-aglycones apigenin, naringenin and luteolin. Their antibacterial effects on oral streptococci was observed in many in vitro studies [205][206][207][208] (Table 3). An animal study detected an inhibitory influence of apigenin on the glycosyltransferase isoenzymes [209].…”

Fragaria Genus: Chemical Composition and Biological Activities

“…The composition of the fruits, although representing a characteristic of each species, can be influenced by a number of factors (as presented in Table 2), including the characteristics of the cultivar [21,27,29,31,34,39,[43][44][45][46], cultivation factors, and the environmental conditions [18,27,37,38,[47][48][49][50], ripening stage [28,29,35,51], or by biotechnological approaches [52][53][54]. For example, the variation in composition of a large number of Fragaria × ananassa Duch.…”