Chemomechanical oscillations in polymer gels: Effect of the size of samples

Konotop, I. Yu.; Nasimova, I. R.; Rambidi, N. G.; Khokhlov, Alexei R.

doi:10.1134/s1560090410121024

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The resulting PAAm BZ gels are robust and exhibit relatively fast oscillations at moderate acid concentration. 25 The observed changes in volume for all the above PAAm-based BZ gels were attributed [23][24][25] to the formation of additional complexes between the negatively charged polymer and the oxidized catalyst. When formed, the latter complexes act as additional physical cross-links in the polymer network, and hence, lead to a decrease in the degree of swelling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The latter effect was observed by Konotop et al in composite gels based on polyacrylamide (PAAm) and silica gel, and gels of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylate). 23,24 Most recently, Nuzzo et al synthesized a novel methacrylate modified ruthenium catalyst; this BZ reaction catalyst can be copolymerized with acrylamide units, which in turn can be driven to undergo a rapid polymerization via UV exposure. The resulting PAAm BZ gels are robust and exhibit relatively fast oscillations at moderate acid concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These additional cross-links are reversible; they break when the catalyst is in the reduced state so that the gel re-swells back to its original size. [23][24][25] While these newly synthesized BZ gel systems hold great promise, in this review, we focus on the more studied NIPAAm-based BZ gels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemo-responsive, self-oscillating gels that undergo biomimetic communication

et al. 2013

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Species ranging from single-cell organisms to social insects can undergo auto-chemotaxis, where the entities move towards a chemo-attractant that they themselves emit. Polymer gels undergoing the self-oscillating Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction exhibit autonomous, periodic pulsations, which produce chemical species collectively referred to as the activator. The diffusion of this activator into the surrounding solution affects the dynamic behavior of neighboring BZ gels and hence, the BZ gels not only emit, but also respond to self-generated chemical gradients. This review describes recent experimental and computational studies that reveal how this biomimetic behavior effectively allows neighboring BZ gels to undergo cooperative, self-propelled motion. These distinctive properties of the BZ gels provide a route for creating reconfigurable materials that autonomously communicate with neighboring units and thereby actively participate in constructing the desired structures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemo-responsive, self-oscillating gels that undergo biomimetic communication

et al. 2013

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“…This behavior (larger hydrogel volume for reduced Ru(II)) is opposite to that discussed above for Ru-PNIPAm hydrogels. Konotrop et al 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 PAAm systems. The molecular origin of this response is unknown, but may arise from an increase of secondary interactions between the highly-screened, Ru(III) pendant and surrounding PAAm monomers.…”

Section: Modular Bz Hydrogel Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Belousov–Zhabotinsky Hydrogels: Relationship between Hydrogel Structure and Mechanical Response

et al. 2015

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The novel chemo-mechanical feedback within autonomic Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) hydrogels mimics the complex adaptivity found in natural systems, and inspires soft device concepts for chemical computing, sensing and actuation. A quantitative relationship between the dynamic response, strain, BZ reagents and hydrogel constituents however, is still evolving due to a limited material suite. Using a modular synthesis strategy for free-radical BZ-catalyst monomers, we compare the impact of cross-linker, catalyst, and total polymer concentration on the cyclic strain of PNIPAm and PAAm based BZ hydrogels. The oscillator strain of the hydrogel in the BZ solution relative to the difference between equilibrium swelling of the fully oxidized and reduced states highlights the trade-off between BZ reaction kinetics, hydrogel elasticity, and catalyst concentration. For a PNIPAm-based BZ gel, a maximum strain of 20% occurs at a total polymer and [Ru] concentration of 4.8 ± 0.5 μg/mm 3 and 1.5 mM due to a complementary balance of Ru content, extended BZ period (33 ± 8 min), and modest network crosslinking. The modular synthesis approach enables formulation studies to identify the BZ hydrogel architecture that provides maximum strain response and robustness, as well as elucidating the interrelationship between hydrogel structure, composition and reaction conditions.

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“…In some SOPs with new chemical structures, however, it is a completely opposite case, as observed in self-oscillating gels crosslinked by active crosslinkers and poly(VP-co-Ru(bpy) 3 ) systems etc. [29][30][31][32] Therefore, for some special SOPs, the mechanism should be considered individually.…”

Section: Principles Of Self-oscillating Polymer Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%